现在完成进行时
1 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。 2 现在完成进行时的构成:现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成 3 现在完成进行时的基本句型
肯定式 I/We have been working.
疑问式 Have you been working？
简略回答 Yes，I/we have. No，I/we haven't. 肯定式 He/She/It has been working. 疑问式 Has he/she/it been working？
简略回答 Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasn't. 4.现在完成时的用法:其用法主要有三种
I.“已完成”用法 :表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。
1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用。 Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了） I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了） 2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。
I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。 （说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔） She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）
II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。 He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿） They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。（现在还在往来） How long have you studied English？ 你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）
III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。 常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。
I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 He has always said so.他总是这么说. 5 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较： We've been living here for ten years.
We've lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。
2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：
The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。 The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。
3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：
They've known each other since 1970.自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。 三.现在完成时的时间状语 I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
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a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b. 用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。
例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近几天他去过那里三次了。 d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him
today?-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？ II短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。 现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换 如： fall asleep (ill) →be asleep (ill)
get to know→ know begin,(start)→ be on open →be open buy→ have get up→ be up die→ be dead go out→ be out come→ be in close→be closed arrive→be here
join→be in, be a +名词 finish( end )→be over leave, move →be away, borrow →keep
go to school→be a student catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) begin to study→study come back→be back put on→wear 或be on
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。 四.几点注意事项
I. have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：
have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；
have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称， 前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。 如： They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
II.不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如： I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。 （错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
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A. Correct the following sentences.
1. All these years they are contributing articles to our magazine. 2. I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon. 3. What have you been doing before you left Oxford? 4. It's a good job. Have you done it all by yourself? 5. It's a long time since you come to see me.
B. Complete the following sentences with the right form of the verbs given. 1. You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
2. My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year.
3. The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning.
4. I ________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon.
5. Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night. C. Make the best choices.
1. — I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. — I think so. He ________ for it for months. (2008江苏) A. is preparing C. had been preparing
B. was preparing D. has been preparing
2. By the time he realizes he _________ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks
B. walked C. has walked
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D. had walked
3. So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008福建)
A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. (2007湖南)
A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying
5. Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建) A. works
B. is working
C. has worked
D. had worked
6. —I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long. (2007江西) A. work B. are working C. have been working worked
7. The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years.
A. has fallen D. was falling
8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet.(北京)
A. had considered C. considered
D.
B. had fallen C. is falling
B. has been considering D. is going to consider
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9. —______ you ______ him around the museum yet? (2007江苏) —Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have ; shown B. Do ; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show 10. —Hi, Tracy，you look pale.
—I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
A. 1. are→have been 2. have been drinking→have drunk 3. have→had 4.Have you done→Did you do 5. come→came B. 1. have been looking 2. stayed 3. has been playing/ has played 4. wondered 5. have been waiting C. 1-5 DCDDC 6-10 CABA C
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