宾语从句讲义

定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.

宾语从句分为三类：:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.

结构：主句+引导词+从句

一、宾语从句的种类 1.动词的宾语从句

大多数动词都可以带宾语从句

We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.

He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的. 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句

I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.

Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗? 注：可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.

I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.

I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.

We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.

②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.

I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.

He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的.

When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置. ③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.

We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.

动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有:

make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记

Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误. I am thinking of whether he is a doctor. 2.介词的宾语从句

He was pleased with what you did

I am thinking of whether we should go shopping tomorrow. 3.形容词的宾语从句

常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试.

I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.

He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他. 二、宾语从句的引导词 （一）从属连词

连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.

that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，无意义，一般可以省略。if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.

He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学.

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车.

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试.

注1：宾语从句不可以省略引导词that 的情况 1.主从句之间有插入语时，如：

It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays. 卡片上写着，它过去是演戏用的。 2. 从句的主语是that时。如：

He thinks that that is a washing machine. 他认为那是一台洗衣机。

3. 若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句时，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个引导词that可以省略，其余需保留。

My aunt says (that) she will come and that she will also bring her daughter. 我的姑姑说她要来，还带她的女儿。 注2：只用whether的情况 1.whether……or not

I do not know whether he will come or not. 2.宾语从句在句首

Whether he will come I do not care.

3.在wonder\\discuss\\doubt等后面的宾语从句 I wonder whether he is a doctor. 4.从句作介词的宾语时

I am thinking of whether we should go shopping tomorrow. 5.与to do连用

I put it to you whether we should get up earlier. I do not know whether to meet him tomorrow. （二）连接代词

连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?

I don’t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁.

The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.

Have you decided whatever to buy before you go shopping? 在去购物之前你想好买什么了吗？ I don't know which to choose. 我不知道要选择哪一个。

Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的手机了吗? （三）连接副词

连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.

Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. Do you know the reason why he is late? 你知道他迟到的原因吗？ 三、宾语从句的时态和语序 （一）时态：

1.主现从随便:主句是一般现在时，从句根据语境可以是任何时态 He says that he will come here tomorrow. I do not know if he has finished his work. My teacher says that the earth is round. I do not know when he finished his work.

I wonder what he was doing yesterday afternoon.

2.主过从必过：主句是一般过去式，从句是过去的某种时态（一般过去式、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）

I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in. 我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.

He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. 他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>.

He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.

The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.

3.真理永不变：若从句是表示客观真理的，那么不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时 当表达

a.宇宙、自然界的规律活动或事实真理时 Our teacher said lights travels faster than sound. 我们老师说光传播的比声音快。 b.类似于1+1=2这样的固定法则时 I learned that three minus one is two. 我知道了3-1=2.

c.没有时间概念的词义或句意， He asked me what this word means. 他问我这个单词是什么意思。

d.当宾语从句表示一种反复出现或现在习惯性动作时。

如：She told me that she gets up at six o’clock every morning.她告诉我她每天早上六点起床。 He asked me when the train usually starts. 他问我火车通常什么时候发出。 （二）语序：

1.宾语从句用陈述句语序，但当有what’s the matter?/what’s wrong?/what’s the problem? /what happened/which is the way to……等，不改变语序 Do you know what is wrong with him?

Could you please tell me which is the way to the nearest hospital?

2.当宾语从句由wh-疑问词引导，若有do you think等插入语时，则要用陈述句语序。 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.

3.做选择题时必须排除的情况：从句中有“be动词、情态动词、助动词+主语”时，必须排除

I wonder if can you tell me the way to the hospital.(错，情态动词在主语前) I wonder if you can tell me the way to the hospital.(对) I do not know who is he.（错，be动词在主语前） I don't know who he is.(对)

I do not know what does he do.（错，助动词在主语前） I don't know what he does.(对) 四、宾语从句的否定转移

主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.

I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会.

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?

如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?