break away: phrasal verb
1.to leave a group or political party and form another group, usually because of a disagreement: Eg: More than 30 Labour MPs broke away to form a new left-wing party. break away from
They broke away from the national union and set up their own local organization. 2.to leave your home, family, or job and become independent I felt the need to break away from home.
3. to move away from someone who is holding you: She started crying and tried to break away. She broke away from him and ran to the door.
break down: phrasal verb
1. if a car or machine breaks down, it stops working: The car broke down just north of Paris.
The printing machines are always breaking down.
2. if a substance breaks down or something breaks it down, it changes as a result of a chemical process
Food is broken down in the stomach.
Bacteria are added to help break down the sewage（污物）
break in: phrasal verb
1. to enter a building by using force, in order to steal something: Thieves broke in and stole £10,000 worth of computer equipment. 2. to interrupt someone when they are speaking
I didn't want to break in on his telephone conversation.
break into something: phrasal verb
to enter a building or car by using force, in order to steal something: Someone broke into my car and stole the radio. Her house was broken into last week.
break off: phrasal verb 1. to suddenly stop talking:
She started to speak, then broke off while a waitress served us coffee. He broke off in mid-sentence to shake hands with the new arrivals. I broke off the conversation and answered the phone. 2. to end a relationship:
She broke off their engagement only a few weeks before they were due to be married. The US has broken off diplomatic relations with the regime.
3. if something breaks off, or if you break it off, it comes loose and is no longer attached to
something else:
One of the car's wing mirrors had broken off. He broke off a piece of bread.
break out: phrasal verb
1 if something unpleasant such as a fire, fight, or war breaks out, it starts to happen: I was still living in London when the war broke out. Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out?
Fighting broke out between demonstrators（游行示威者） and the police.
break through： phrasal verb
1break through (something)to manage to get past or through something that is in your way: Several demonstrators broke through the barriers despite warnings from the police. After hours of fierce fighting, rebels broke through and captured(占领) the capital.
2break through (something)if the sun breaks through, you can see it when you could not see it before because there were clouds:
The sun broke through at around lunch time. The sun soon broke through the mist.
3 to manage to do something successfully when there is a difficulty that is preventing you: He's a very talented young actor who's just ready to break through.
break up： phrasal verb
1 if something breaks up, or if you break it up, it breaks into a lot of small pieces: It seems that the plane just broke up in the air.
bring something ↔ about：phrasal verb to make something happen [= cause]:
How can we bring about a change in attitudes?
A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.
bring somebody/something ↔ down ：phrasal verb 1 to reduce something to a lower level:
The government hopes these measures will help to bring down inflation（通货膨胀）. 2TTA to fly a plane down to the ground [= land]: The pilot managed to bring the plane down safely.
3 to make a plane, bird, or animal fall to the ground by shooting at it: A bomber had been brought down by anti-aircraft fire. 4 to force a government or ruler to stop ruling a country: a crisis that could bring down the government 5 to make someone fall over:
He was brought down by the goalkeeper（守门员） and awarded a penalty（惩罚）.
bring somebody/something ↔ in： phrasal verb 1 to introduce a new law:
Harsh anti-Trade Union laws were brought in in the early 1980s. 2 to ask someone to become involved in a discussion or situation: I'd like to bring in Doctor Hall here and ask him his views.
bring something ↔ on ：phrasal verb
1 to make something bad or unpleasant happen [= cause]: Stress can bring on an asthma（哮喘） attack.
What's brought this on? Have I upset you somehow? 2 to help someone to improve or make progress:
Teachers have to bring on the bright children and at the same time give extra help to those who need it.
3DLG to make plants or crops grow faster:
Keeping the young plants in a greenhouse will help bring them on.
bring somebody/something ↔ up ：phrasal verb 1 to mention a subject or start to talk about it [= raise]: Why did you have to bring up the subject of money?
2 to look after and influence a child until he or she is grown up [= raise]: He was brought up by his grandparents. bring somebody up to do something
In my day, children were brought up to respect the law. be brought up (as) a Catholic/Muslim etc I was brought up a Catholic.
Call at
visit[intransitive] also call round British English to stop at a house or other place for a short time to see someone or do something: She called round for a chat. call on somebody
Let's call on James on the way home. call (in) at something
I regularly called in at his office for news.
call back ：phrasal verb
call (somebody) back to： telephone someone again, for example because they were not at home when you telephoned last time: I'll call back later.
Can you ask John to call me back when he gets in?
call for somebody/something： phrasal verb
if a group of people calls for something, they ask publicly for something to be done:
Human Rights groups are calling for the release of political prisoners
call in： phrasal verb
call somebody/something ↔ in…to： ask someone to come and help you with a difficult situation:
The government then called in troops to deal with the disturbances.
call on/upon somebody/something： phrasal verb 1 to formally ask someone to do something call on somebody to do something
The UN has called on both sides to observe the ceasefire. 2 to visit someone for a short time:
Why don't you call on my sister when you're in Brighton?
call out： phrasal verb to say something loudly call something ↔ out 'Hi there!' I called out. call out to
The firemen called out to him.
call up： phrasal verb
1 informal especially American English to telephone someone call somebody ↔ up
He called me up to tell me about it.
I'm going to call up and cancel my subscription（捐款、订阅）.
2call something ↔ up：if you call up information on a computer, you make the computer show it to you:
I called up their website, but it didn't have the information I was looking for.
3 call somebody ↔ up：British English to officially order someone to join the army, navy, or air force [= draft American English]
I was called up three months after war broke out.
4 call somebody ↔ up：to choose someone for a national sports team [↪ call-up]: Hurst was called up for the game against Mexico.
carry on： phrasal verb
especially British English to continue doing something: Sorry, I interrupted you. Please carry on. carry on doing something
You'll have an accident if you carry on driving like that.
carry something ↔ out ：phrasal verb
1 to do something that needs to be organized and planned: We need to carry out more research.
A survey is now being carried out nationwide.
Turn off the water supply before carrying out repairs.
2 to do something that you have said you will do or that someone has asked you to do: Nicholson didn't carry out his threat to take legal action. We carried out her instructions precisely（精确地）.
Will the government carry out its promise to reform the law?
come about： phrasal verb
1 to happen, especially in a way that is not planned:
The opportunity to get into computing came about quite by accident. How did this situation come about?
2 if a ship comes about, it changes direction
come across： phrasal verb
1come across somebody/something：to meet, find, or discover someone or something by chance: I came across an old diary in her desk.
I've never come across anyone quite like her before.
2 if an idea comes across well, it is easy for people to understand: Your point really came across at the meeting.
come along： phrasal verb
1be coming along ：informal to be developing or making progress [= progress]: He opened the oven door to see how the food was coming along. Your English is coming along really well. 2 to appear or arrive:
A bus should come along any minute now. Take any job opportunity that comes along. 3
a) to go to a place with someone:
We're going into town - do you want to come along? b) to go somewhere after someone: You go on ahead - I'll come along later. 4come along!
a) used to tell someone to hurry up [= come on]: Come along! We're all waiting for you!
b) used to encourage someone to try harder [= come on]: Come along! Don't give up yet!
come off ：phrasal verb
1come off (something)to：become removed from something:
The label had come off, so there was no way of knowing what was on the disk. 2come off (something)British English： to fall off something:
Dyson came off his bike as he rounded the last corner, but wasn't badly hurt.
come out： phrasal verb
1 if something comes out, it is removed from a place: These stains（污物） will never come out!
2 if information comes out, people learn about it, especially after it has been kept secret: No doubt the truth will come out one day.
It's come out that several ministers received payments from the company. 3 if a photograph comes out, it shows a clear picture: I took some photographs, but they didn't come out. The wedding photos have come out really well.
4 if a book, record etc comes out, it becomes publicly available: When is the new edition coming out?
5 if something comes out in a particular way, that is what it is like after it has been made or produced:
I've made a cake, but it hasn't come out very well. The cover has come out a bit too big.
come to： phrasal verb
1come to a decision/conclusion/agreement etc：to decide something, agree on something etc after considering or discussing a situation [= reach]:
We came to the conclusion that there was no other way back to the camp. If they don't come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned. 2come to a halt/stop
a) to slow down and stop [= stop]:
The train came to a stop just yards from the barrier. b) to stop operating or continuing:
After the election our funding came to an abrupt halt.
come to somebody：if a thought or idea comes to you, you realize or remember something: The answer came to me in a flash（立刻、一瞬间）. I've forgotten her name, but maybe it'll come to me later.
come up： phrasal verb
if someone comes up to you, they come close to you, especially in order to speak to you: One of the teachers came up and started talking to me. come up to
A man came up to him and asked for a light.
die away ：phrasal verb
if sound, wind, or light dies away, it becomes gradually weaker until you cannot hear, feel, or see it:
Her voice died away as she saw the look on David's face. She waited until the footsteps had died away.
die down： phrasal verb
if something dies down, it becomes less strong, active, or violent: Don't worry, the gossip will soon die down. when the excitement had died down
die off ：phrasal verb
if a group of people or animals die off, they die one by one until there are no more of them
die out ：phrasal verb
to disappear or stop existing completely:
The wild population of koalas is in danger of dying out. There will be outbreaks of rain, gradually dying out later.
die of/from
The animals died of starvation in the snow. patients who are dying from cancer
She died peacefully in her sleep at the age of 98.
do away with somebody/something： phrasal verb 1 to get rid of something or stop using it:
People thought that the use of robots would do away with boring low-paid factory jobs. 2 informal to kill someone
do up： phrasal verb
1 to fasten something, or to be fastened in a particular way do something ↔ up
Do up your coat or you'll get cold. a skirt which does up at the back
2do something ↔ up：to repair an old building or car, or to improve its appearance: They did up an old cottage in the Scottish Highlands.
3do something ↔ up：to decorate something in a particular way: The apartment was done up in Viennese style. 4do something ↔ up：to wrap something in paper
5do yourself up： to make yourself look neat and attractive: Sue spent ages doing herself up.
do without“ phrasal verb
1do without (something)：to live or do something without a particular thing: I don't have any sugar so you'll have to do without.
You can do without a carpet but you've got to have somewhere to sit.
2can do without something：used to say that something is annoying you or causing you problems: You can do without all that hassle（麻烦）.
Those are the type of stupid remarks I can do without.
get along phrasal verb
if two or more people get along, they have a friendly relationship: We've always got along quite well. get along with
They seem to get along with each other.
get back： phrasal verb 1returnto return to a place: I'll talk to you when I get back. get back to
He got back to the office just before lunchtime.
2do something again：to start doing something again or talking about something again get back to
Let's get back to the main point of the discussion. Well, I must get back to work.
get down to something ：phrasal verb
to start doing something that is difficult or needs a lot of time or energy: It's time we got down to work.
We need to get down to some serious talking. get down to doing something
I always find it hard to get down to revising.
get in ：phrasal verb
1enterto enter a place, especially when this is difficult: We managed to get in through a window.
The theatre was already full, and we couldn't get in.
2arriveif a train, plane etc gets in at a particular time, it arrives at that time: What time does the bus get in?
Crops get something ↔ in： to gather a crop and bring it to a sheltered place: The whole village was involved with getting the harvest in.
get off： phrasal verb
leaveto leave a place, or to help someone to leave a place: We'll try and get off straight after lunch.
get out： phrasal verb
leaveto leave a room or building: You ought to get out into the fresh air. Mary screamed at me to get out. get out of
Get out of the kitchen!
get through： phrasal verb
do work ：get through something：to do an amount of work: We got through half the application forms this morning. We've got a lot of work to get through.
get (somebody/something) through (something)：to be successful in a test or competition, or to make sure that someone or something is successful: I finally managed to get through my driving test.
I knew it was going to be difficult to get the car through its MOT test
get together ：phrasal verb
1 if people get together, they meet in order to spend time with each other: We must get together for a drink.
2 if two people get together, they start a romantic or sexual relationship
get up： phrasal verb 1get (somebody) up：to get out of your bed after sleeping, or to make someone get out of their bed: We didn't get up until lunch time. Get me up at seven, would you? 2 to stand up:
He got up and walked over to the window.
give somebody/something away： phrasal verb
1 to give something to someone because you do not want or need it for yourself: I gave most of my books away when I left college. give somebody/something away to
Give your old clothes away to a thrift shop.
2 to give something to someone without asking for any money, rather than selling it to them: We're giving away a free diary with tomorrow's newspaper. give somebody/something away to
We have 1,000 CDs to give away to our readers.
give in： phrasal verb
1 to finally agree to do or accept something that you had at first opposed, especially because someone has forced or persuaded you to:
Eventually I gave in and accepted the job on their terms.
Bob's wife went on at him so much that eventually he gave in. give in to
The government refused to give in to their demands.
2 to accept that you are defeated in a game, fight, competition etc [↪ surrender]: The rebels were eventually forced to give in.
We will carry on fighting to the end. We will never give in.
give off something： phrasal verb
to produce a smell, light, heat, a sound etc:
The wood gave off a sweet, perfumed smell as it burned.
give out phrasal verb
1give something ↔ out：to give something to each person in a group [= hand out]: Can you give the drinks out, please?
2 if a supply of something gives out, there is none left:
My money was beginning to give out and there were no jobs to be found. After two hours her patience gave out.
3give out something：to produce something such as light, heat, or a signal [= emit]: A gas lamp gave out a pale yellowish light.
give up： phrasal verb
1give something ↔ up：to stop doing something, especially something that you do regularly: Darren has decided to give up football at the end of this season. She gave up her job and started writing poetry. give up doing something
I gave up going to the theatre when I moved out of London. Why don't you give up smoking? 2 to stop trying to do something:
We spent half an hour looking for the keys, but eventually gave up and went home. I give up. What's the answer? You shouldn't give up so easily. give up doing something
I gave up trying to persuade him to continue with his studies. give something ↔ up
She has still not given up the search.
hand something ↔ down： phrasal verb
to give or leave something to people who will live after you hand something ↔ down to
The ring was handed down to her from her grandmother. stories handed down by word of mouth
hand something ↔ in ：phrasal verb to give something to someone in authority: Tom has handed in his resignation.
Did you hand your homework in on time?
hand over： phrasal verb 1hand something ↔ over：to give something to someone with your hand, especially because they have asked for it or should have it:
The soldiers were ordered to hand over their guns. hand something ↔ over to He handed the phone over to me.
2 to give someone power or responsibility over something which you used to be in charge of
hand something ↔ over (to somebody)
On his retirement, he handed the business over to his son. Political control has been handed over to religious leaders.
hand something ↔ out ：phrasal verb
to give something to each person in a group [= distribute]: Could you start handing these books out please? hand something ↔ out to
He was handing out leaflets（传单） to members of the audience.
hear of
I've heard of a job which would be just right for you.
This was the first I'd heard of any trouble in the area (=I had just heard news of trouble for the first time).
He was last heard of in Washington (=he was in Washington the last time someone had information about him).
hear about
Teresa heard about the decision later.
hear from somebody: phrasal verb
to receive news or information from someone: Do you ever hear from Jack?
Police want to hear from anyone who has any information.
I look forward to hearing from you (=hope to receive news from you)
hold back: phrasal verb
1hold somebody/something ↔ back ：to make someone or something stop moving forward: Police in riot gear held back the demonstrators.
2hold something ↔ back：to stop yourself from feeling or showing a particular emotion: She struggled to hold back her tears.
Anger flooded through her. She couldn't hold it back.
3hold somebody/something ↔ back：to prevent someone or something from making progress: They felt the British economy was being held back by excessive government controls.
hold on： phrasal verb 1 spoken
a) to wait for a short time: Hold on, I'll just get my coat.
b) used when you have just noticed, heard, or remembered something interesting or wrong: Hold on a minute! Isn't that your brother's car over there?
c) used to ask someone on the telephone to wait until the person they want to talk to is available: Can you hold on? I'll try to find her.
hold up： phrasal verb
1hold something ↔ up：to support something and prevent it from falling down: The roof is held up by massive stone pillars.
2hold somebody/something ↔ up[usually passive] ：to delay someone or something: Sorry I'm late - I was held up at work.
keep back： phrasal verb
1keep something back：to deliberately not tell someone all that you know about something: I got the feeling he was keeping something back.
2keep something ↔ back：to not show your feelings, even though you want to very much: She was struggling to keep back the tears.
3keep somebody ↔ back：to prevent someone from being as successful as they could be [= hold back]:
Fear and stereotypes have kept women back for centuries.
keep off ：phrasal verb
1keep something ↔ off：to prevent something from touching or harming something: She held an old piece of cloth over them both to keep the rain off. keep something off something
How are we going to keep the flies off this food?
keep on： phrasal verb
1 to continue doing something, or to do something many times keep on doing something You just have to keep on trying.
keep up： phrasal verb
1keep something ↔ up：to continue doing something: I don't think I can keep this up any longer.
keep up the good work! (=continue to work hard and well)
2 if a situation keeps up, it continues without stopping or changing [= continue]: How long can the economic boom keep up? 3 to go as quickly as someone else keep up with
I had to walk fast to keep up with him.
4 to manage to do as much or as well as other people [≠ fall behind] keep up with
Jack's having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.
look around ：phrasal verb 1 to try to find something look around for
Jason's going to start looking around for a new job.
2look around/round (something)to look at what is in a place such as a building, shop, town etc,
especially when you are walking:
Do we have to pay to look around the castle? Let's look round the shops.
look after somebody/something： phrasal verb
1 to take care of someone by helping them, giving them what they need, or keeping them safe [= take care of]:
Don't worry, I'll look after the kids tomorrow.
Susan looked after us very well. She's an excellent cook. You could tell that the horse had been well looked after.
2 to be responsible for dealing with something [= take care of]: I'm leaving you here to look after the business until I get back.
look back ：phrasal verb
to think about something that happened in the past look back on/to
When I look back on those days I realize I was desperately unhappy. Looking back on it, I still can't figure out what went wrong.
look down on somebody/something： phrasal verb
to think that you are better than someone else, for example because you are more successful, or of a higher social class than they are:
Mr Garcia looks down on anyone who hasn't had a college education.
look for somebody/something： phrasal verb
to try to find something that you have lost, or someone who is not where they should be [= search for]:
I'm looking for Steve - have you seen him?
Detectives are still looking for the escaped prisoner.
look forward to something： phrasal verb
to be excited and pleased about something that is going to happen: I'm really looking forward to our vacation. look forward to doing something
My mother says she's looking forward to meeting you.
look into something ：phrasal verb
to try to find out the truth about a problem, crime etc in order to solve it [= investigate]: Police are looking into the disappearance of two children.
look on： phrasal verb
1 to watch something happening, without being involved in it or trying to stop it [↪ onlooker]: Only one man tried to help us, the rest just looked on in silence.
2 look on somebody/something also look upon somebody/something to consider someone or
something in a particular way, or as a particular thing look on as
I look on him as a good friend.
look through somebody/something： phrasal verb
to look for something among a pile of papers, in a drawer, in someone's pockets etc [= go through]:
I've looked through all my papers but I still can't find the contract.
look up： phrasal verb
1 if a situation is looking up, it is improving [= improve, get better]: Now the summer's here things are looking up!
2look something ↔up：if you look up information in a book, on a computer etc, you try to find it there:
Look the word up in your dictionary. I'll just look up the train times.
3look somebody ↔up：to visit someone you know, especially when you are in the place where they live for a different reason:
Don't forget to look me up when you come to Atlanta. look up to somebody： phrasal verb to admire or respect someone:
I've always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.
make up： phrasal verb
1form/be make up something[not in progressive] to combine together to form something [= constitute]:
Women make up only a small proportion of the prison population. be made up of something
The committee is made up of representatives from every state.
make up for something： phrasal verb
to make a bad situation better, or replace something that has been lost: The team will be anxious to make up for a disappointing start to the season. I don't eat breakfast but I make up for it at lunch. The good days more than make up for the bad ones. make up for lost time
a) to work more quickly, or at times when you do not usually work, because something has prevented you from doing the work before:
We rehearsed all day Saturday, to make up for lost time.
b) to do a lot of something in an eager way because you have not had a chance to do it before: Palin didn't travel much as a young man but he's certainly made up for lost time now.
make somebody ↔ out[usually in questions and negatives] ：to understand someone's character and the way they behave:
Stuart's a strange guy - I can't make him out at all.
make somebody do something ：force[transitive] to force someone to do something My parents always make me do my homework before I go out. be made to do something
I was made to wait four hours before I was examined by a doctor.
put somebody/something away： phrasal verb
1put something ↔ away：to put something in the place where it is usually kept: He put his toys away every night.
2put something ↔ away：to save money: We're putting some money away for expenses.
3put somebody away：informal to put someone in a prison or in a mental hospital: If you are found guilty, the judge is going to put you away for life.
put something ↔ down：to write something, especially a name or number, on a piece of paper or on a list [= write down]:
Put down your name and address.
put down a revolution/revolt/rebellion etc：to stop a revolution etc by using force: The uprising was put down by the police and the army.
put somebody/something off ：phrasal verb
put something ↔ off：to delay doing something or to arrange to do something at a later time or date, especially because there is a problem or you do not want to do it now [= delay, procrastinate]:
The match has been put off until tomorrow because of bad weather. put off doing something
I put off going to the doctor but I wish I hadn't.
put somebody/something on ：phrasal verb
（clothes）put something ↔ on： to put a piece of clothing on your body [≠ take off]: He took off his uniform and put on a sweater and trousers. I'll have to put my glasses on; I can't read the sign from here.
put on weight/12 lbs/4 kg etc：to become fatter and heavier [= gain]: Rosie's put on five kilos since she quit smoking.
put something ↔ on：to arrange for a concert, play etc to take place, or to perform in it: One summer the children put on a play.
put out： phrasal verb
（fire/cigarette etc）put something ↔ out：to make a fire etc stop burning [= extinguish]: The rescue services are still trying to put out the fires.
put up ：phrasal verb
1put something ↔ up： to build something such as a wall, fence, building etc [= erect]: They're putting up several new office blocks in the centre of town. 2（for people to see）put something ↔ up：to put a picture, notice etc on a wall so that people can see it:
Can I put up some posters?
The shops have started to put up Christmas decorations.
3（attach something）put something ↔ up：to attach a shelf, cupboard etc to a wall: My Dad put up five shelves.
put something ↔ up：to raise something to a higher position: I put up my hand and asked to leave the room. Philip put his hood up because it was raining.
send for somebody/something： phrasal verb
to ask or order that something be brought or sent to you, especially by writing a letter or by telephone:
Send for your free sample today!
send out： phrasal verb
send something/somebody ↔ out：to make a person or a group of people or things go from one place to various other places:
Information was sent out to interested students. Search parties were sent out to look for survivors.
set about something/somebody： phrasal verb
to start doing or dealing with something, especially something that needs a lot of time and effort:
A team of volunteers set about the task with determination. set about doing something
How do senior managers set about making these decisions?
set off ：phrasal verb to start to go somewhere:
I'll set off early to avoid the traffic. set off for
Jerry and I set off on foot for the beach.
set out： phrasal verb
1 to start a journey, especially a long journey set out for
Kate set out for the house on the other side of the bay. set out on a journey/drive/voyage etc
The band are setting out on a European tour in March.
2 to start doing something or making plans to do something in order to achieve a particular result set out to do something
salesmen who deliberately set out to defraud customers
set up： phrasal verb
（company/organization etc）to start a company, organization, committee etc [= establish] set something ↔ up
They want to set up their own import-export business. new regulations for setting up political parties
take somebody/something ↔ away： phrasal verb
1 to remove someone or something, or make something disappear: She whisked the tray off the table and took it away. He was taken away to begin a prison sentence. This should take some of the pain away.
2to take away：British English if you buy food to take away, you buy cooked food from a restaurant and take it outside to eat it somewhere else [↪ takeaway]: Fish and chips to take away, please.
take off： phrasal verb
1removetake something ↔ offto remove a piece of clothing [≠ put on]: He sat on the bed to take his boots off.
Charlie was taking off his shirt when the phone rang.
2aircraft： if an aircraft takes off, it rises into the air from the ground [= lift off; ↪ takeoff]: I felt quite excited as the plane took off from Heathrow. 3success to suddenly start being successful:
Mimi became jealous when Jack's career started taking off.
take something ↔ on：to begin to have a particular quality or appearance: Her face took on a fierce expression. His life had taken on a new dimension.
take over ：phrasal verb
to take control of something [ takeover] take something ↔ over
His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over. Ruth moved into our apartment and promptly took over.
take something up ：phrasal verb
1take something ↔ up：to become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it: Roger took painting up for a while, but soon lost interest. 2 to start a new job or have a new responsibility:
Peter will take up the management of the finance department.
take up a post/a position/duties etc
The headteacher takes her duties up in August.
3take something ↔ up：if you take up a suggestion, problem, complaint etc, you start to do something about it:
Now the papers have taken up the story. take something ↔ up with
The hospital manager has promised to take the matter up with the member of staff involved. I am still very angry and will be taking it up with the authorities. 4 to fill a particular amount of time or space be taken up with something
The little time I had outside of school was taken up with work. take up space/room
old books that were taking up space in the office
5take something ↔ up：to accept a suggestion, offer, or idea: Rob took up the invitation to visit. take up the challenge/gauntlet
Rick took up the challenge and cycled the 250 mile route alone.
turn (somebody) against somebody/something： phrasal verb
to stop liking or supporting someone or something, or to make someone do this: Many people had turned against the war.
Dave felt she was deliberately turning the kids against him.
turn somebody ↔ away：to refuse to give someone sympathy, help, or support: Anyone who comes to us will not be turned away.
The insurance company has promised not to turn away its existing customers.
turn back ：phrasal verb
to go back in the direction you came from, or to make someone or something do this: It's getting late - maybe we should turn back.
turn somebody/something ↔ down ：phrasal verb
1 to turn the switch on a machine such as an oven, radio etc so that it produces less heat, sound etc [≠ turn up]:
Can you turn the TV down? I'm trying to work. 2 to refuse an offer, request, or invitation:
They offered her the job but she turned it down.
I'm not going to turn down an invitation to go to New York!
Josie's already turned him down (=refused his offer of marriage).
turn in： phrasal verb
turn something ↔ into： give something to a person in authority, especially an illegal weapon or something lost or stolen:
The rebels were told to turn in their weapons and ammunition.
turn (somebody/something) into something ：phrasal verb
to become something different, or to make someone or something do this: The sofa turns into a bed.
A few weeks later, winter had turned into spring. Hollywood discovered her and turned her into a star.
turn off： phrasal verb
1turn something ↔ off：to make a machine or piece of electrical equipment such as a television, engine, light etc stop operating by pushing a button, turning a key etc [= switch off; ≠ turn on]: Don't forget to turn the lights off when you leave.
2turn something ↔ off：to stop the supply of water, gas etc from flowing by turning a handle [≠ turn on]:
They've turned the gas off for a couple of hours.
turn something ↔ on：to make the supply of water, gas etc start flowing from something by turning a handle [≠ turn off]:
He turned on the gas and lit the stove. 'I'm thirsty,' she said, turning on the tap.
turn out： phrasal verb
1 to happen in a particular way, or to have a particular result, especially one that you did not expect
turn out well/badly/fine etc
It was a difficult time, but eventually things turned out all right. To my surprise, it turned out that I was wrong.
As it turned out (=used to say what happened in the end), he passed the exam quite easily. turn out to be something
That guy turned out to be Maria's second cousin.
turn to somebody/something： phrasal verb
to try to get help, advice, or sympathy from someone: I don't know who to turn to.
The Namibian government turned to South Africa for help.
turn something ↔ up：to turn a switch on a machine such as an oven, radio etc so that it produces more heat, sound etc [≠ turn down]: Turn the oven up to 220. Turn up the radio!
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