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VHDL八位乘法器

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VHDL八位乘法器

一. 设计思路

纯组合逻辑构成的乘法器虽然工作速度比较快,但过于占用硬件资源,难以实现宽位乘法器,基于PLD器件外接ROM九九表的乘法器则无法构成单片系统,也不实用。这里介绍由八位加法器构成的以时序逻辑方式设计的八位乘法器,具有一定的实用价值,而且由FPGA构成实验系统后,可以很容易的用ASIC大型集成芯片来完成,性价比高,可操作性强。其乘法原理是:乘法通过逐项移位相加原理来实现,从被乘数的最低位开始,若为1,则乘数左移后与上一次的和相加;若为0,左移后以全零相加,直至被乘数的最高位。

二.方案设计与论证

此设计是由八位加法器构成的以时序逻辑方式设计的八位乘法器,它的核心器件是八加法器,所以关键是设计好八位加法器。

方案:由两个四位加法器组合八位加法器,其中四位加法器是四位二进制并行加法器,它的原理简单,资源利用率和进位速度方面都比较好。综合各方面的考虑,决定采用方案二。

三.工作原理

ARICTL是乘法运算控制电路,它的START信号上的上跳沿与高电平有2个功能,即16位寄存器清零和被乘数A[7...0]]向移位寄存器SREG8B加载;它的低电平则作为乘法使

能信号,乘法时钟信号从ARICTL的CLK输入。当被乘数被加载于8位右移寄存器SREG8B后,随着每一时钟节拍,最低位在前,由低位至高位逐位移出。当为1时,一位乘法器ANDARITH打开,8位乘数B[7..0]在同一节拍进入8位加法器,与上一次锁存在16位锁存器REG16B中的高8位进行相加,其和在下一时钟节拍的上升沿被锁进此锁存器。而当被乘数的移出位为0时,一位乘法器全零输出。如此往复,直至8个时钟脉冲后,由ARICTL的控制,乘法运算过程自动中止,ARIEND输出高电平,乘法结束。此时REG16B的输出即为最后的乘积。

四.工作原理框图

arictlclkclkoutariendinst3sreg8bclkloadB[7..0]INPUTVCCreg16bclkclrd[8..0]adder8bandarithqbabindin[7..0]dout[7..0]cina[7..0]b[7..0]inst1s[7..0]coutinst5q[15..0]OUTPUTdout[15..0]startrstalldin[7..0]inst6inst2A[7..0]INPUTVCCOUTPUTdout5[15..0] 五.程序清单

1.library ieee; ----四位二进制并行加法器

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

entity add4b is

port( cin:in std_logic;

a,b:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);

s:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);

cout:out std_logic);

end;

architecture one of add4b is

signal sint,aa,bb:std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);

begin

aa<='0' & a;

bb<='0' & b;

sint<=aa+bb+cin;

s<=sint(3 downto 0);

cout<=sint(4);

end;

2.library ieee; --由两个四位二进制并行加法器级联而成的八位二进制加法器;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

entity adder8b is

port( cin:in std_logic;

a,b:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

s:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

cout:out std_logic);

end;

architecture one of adder8b is

component add4b --对要调用的元件add4b的端口进行说明

port( cin:in std_logic;

a,b:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);

s:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);

cout:out std_logic);

end component;

signal carryout: std_logic;

begin

u1:add4b port map(cin,a(3 downto 0),b(3 downto 0),s(3 downto 0),carryout);

u2:add4b port map(carryout,a(7 downto 4),b(7 downto 4),s(7 downto 4),cout);

end;

3.library ieee; --一位乘法器;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

entity andarith is

port( abin:in std_logic;

din:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

dout:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));

end;

architecture one of andarith is

begin

process(abin,din)

begin

for i in 0 to 7 loop

dout(i)<=din(i) and abin;

end loop;

end process;

end;

4.library ieee; --乘法运算控制器

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

entity arictl is

port( clk,start:in std_logic;

clkout,rstall,ariend:out std_logic);

end;

architecture one of arictl is

signal cnt4b:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);

begin

rstall<=start;

process(clk,start)

begin

if start='1' then cnt4b<=\"0000\";

elsif clk'event and clk='1' then

if cnt4b<8 then --小于8则计数,等于8则表明乘法运算已经结束

cnt4b<=cnt4b+1;

end if;

end if;

end process;

process(clk,cnt4b,start)

begin

if start='0' then

if cnt4b<8 then

clkout<=clk; ariend<='0';

else clkout<='0'; ariend<='1';

end if;

else clkout<=clk; ariend<='0';

end if;

end process;

end;

5.library ieee; --16位锁存器

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

entity reg16b is

port( clk,clr:in std_logic;

d:in std_logic_vector(8 downto 0);

q:out std_logic_vector(15 downto 0));

end;

architecture one of reg16b is

signal r16s:std_logic_vector(15 downto 0);

begin

process(clk,clr)

begin

if clr='1' then r16s<=\"0000000000000000\";

elsif clk'event and clk='1' then

r16s(6 downto 0)<=r16s(7 downto 1);

r16s(15 downto 7)<=d;

end if;

end process;

q<=r16s;

end;

6.library ieee; --8位右移寄存器

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

entity sreg8b is

port( clk,load:in std_logic;

din:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

qb:out std_logic);

end;

architecture one of sreg8b is

signal reg8:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

begin

process(clk,load)

begin

if clk'event and clk='1' then

if load='1' then reg8<=din;

else reg8(6 downto 0)<=reg8(7 downto 1);

end if;

end if;

end process;

qb<=reg8(0);

end;

7.library ieee;--8位乘法器顶层设计

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

entity mult8x8 is

port( clk:in std_logic;

start:in std_logic;

a,b:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

dout:out std_logic_vector(15 downto 0);

ariend:out std_logic);

end;

architecture struc of mult8x8 is

component adder8b is

port( cin:in std_logic;

a,b:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

s:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

cout:out std_logic);

end component;

component andarith is

port( abin:in std_logic;

din:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

dout:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));

end component;

component arictl is

port( clk,start:in std_logic;

clkout,rstall,ariend:out std_logic);

end component;

component reg16b is

port( clk,clr:in std_logic;

d:in std_logic_vector(8 downto 0);

q:out std_logic_vector(15 downto 0));

end component;

component sreg8b is

port( clk,load:in std_logic;

din:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

qb:out std_logic);

end component;

signal gndint :std_logic;

signal intclk :std_logic;

signal rstall :std_logic;

signal qb :std_logic;

signal andsd :std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

signal dtbin :std_logic_vector(8 downto 0);

signal dtbout :std_logic_vector(15 downto 0);

begin

dout<=dtbout; gndint<='0';

u1:arictl port map( clk,start,intclk,rstall,ariend);

u2:sreg8b port map(intclk,rstall,b,qb);

u3:andarith port map(qb,a,andsd);

u4:adder8b port map(gndint,dtbout(15 downto 0),dtbin(8));

u5:reg16b port map(intclk,rstall,dtbin,dtbout);

end;

六.仿真结果图

8),andsd,dtbin(7 downto

以下是8位乘法器顶层设计的仿真波形图,其它各模块的仿真波形图省略。

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