目录
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The Academic Word List
Sublist 1
sector
n.
specific
a.
a specific example 一个具体的例子
Could you be more specific? 您能说详细点吗？
n.
service sector 服务部门public sector 公共部门 financial sector 金融部门 Synonyms: area, division, part Related words: section
the specifics of the lawsuit 案件详情Synonyms: particular
Antonyms: general, abstract
available
adj.
principle
n.
Parking is readily available. 停车很容易。when money is made available 钱一到位……as soon as new information becomes available 一旦新的信息齐全…… Antonyms: unavailable
Officials were unavailable for comment. 官员们表示无可奉告。Related words: availability
financial
adj.
basic / fundamental principle 基本原则 guiding principle 指导原则 general principle 普遍原理moral principles 道德准则
It goes against my principles. 这违反我的原则。 In principle I agree with it. 我原则上同意。 I stick to my principles. 我坚持原则。
Don't abandon your principles. 不要放弃你的原则。Related words: principled, unprincipled
estimate
n. v.
financial help / assistance财政支持a financial success 赚到了钱financially secure 经济稳定、宽裕related words: finance
process
n.
have a rough estimate 做一个粗略的估计
In your estimation, who's going to win? 你估计谁会赢？Synonyms: guess, judgment, appraisalRelated words: estimation
variable
a.n.
peace process 和平进程 learning process 学习过程 natural process 自然过程 production process 生产过程
decision-making process 决策过程
v.
Interest rates can be highly variable. 利率浮动很大。There're too many variables. 变数太多。Antonym: constant 稳定的；常量
method
n.
All university applications are processed through this
system.
所有大学申请都通过这种方式处理。
individual
a.
teaching method 教学方法
Synonyms: way, process, adjustment, technique, form, formula
Related words: methodology, methodological, methodical
Each individual leaf is different. 每一片树叶都是不同的。n. to suit one's individual needs 以满足个人独特的需求research data 研究数据 n. experimental data 实验数据
Synonyms: informationthe rights of the individual 个人权利
Synonyms: single, separate
Antonyms: common, collective, overall n. Related words: individuality, individualism, individualized, do research 做研究
v. individualist, individualistic
research into the causes 研究起因
data
research
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The Academic Word List
contract
n.
identify
v.
a three-year contract 为期三年的合同sign the contract 签约
draw up a contract 起草一份合同break the contract 违反合约identify the body 确定死者身份
He identifies with our distress. 他同情我们的不幸。Synonyms: recognize, find
Related words: identifiable, identification, misidentify, renew sb's contract 与某人续约Related words: contractor, contraction
v.
Metal contracts as it cools. 金属遇冷会收缩。Antonym: expandv.
He has contracted AIDS. environment
他感染了艾滋病。
n.
protect the environment 保护环境pollute the environment 污染环境
harm / damage / destroy the environment 破坏环境natural environment 自然环境social environment 社会环境working environment 工作环境learning environment 学习环境
home / family environment 家庭环境
Related words: environmental, environmentally, environmentalist, environmentalistic
export
n. v.
main export 主要出口品an export ban 限制出口Antonym: import
Related word:source
exporter, exportation, import, transport
n.
light source 光源
source of income 收入来源 Antonyms: target
Related words:assessment
outsource
n.
job assessment 工作评估
objective assessment 客观评价assessment of value 价值判断Synonyms: judgment, evaluation
Related words: assess, assessor, assessable, reassess, reassessment
policy
n.
foreign policy 对外政策insurance policy 保单Related words: policymaker
unidentified
See also:create
ID, appraise
v.
create new jobs 创造就业机会 create problems 制造麻烦Synonyms: makeAntonyms: destroy
Related words: derive
creation, creator
v.
derive benefit 获益
derive pleasure 汲取快乐
Related words: factorderivation, derivative, derivable
n.
key factor 关键因素
decisive factor 决定性因素unknown factor 未知因素Synonyms: cause, elementRelated words: factorialSee also: result
v.
factor A intoprocedure
…. 把A考虑其中
n.
standard procedure 标准流程follow procedure 遵循程序
safety procedures 乘客自救流程hiring procedures 聘用程序Synonyms: process, method
Related words: procedural, procedurally, proceed
definition
n.
a dictionary definition 字典里的定义Related words: define
v.
clearly defined 清楚的说明
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The Academic Word List
assume
v.
authority
n.
I think we can safely assume that… 几乎可以肯定…. assume the worst 做最坏的推测assume power 掌权
assume responsibility for 承担责任assume the role of 担任….
Synonyms: think, believe, guess, imagine, accept, actRelated words: assumption, assuming
theory
n.
leading authority 顶级权威 the local authority 地方当局health authorities 卫生局
Synonyms: group, power, right, experience, evidence, knowledge, board, ability, weight, source, agency
Related words: authoritative, authoritatively, authoritativeness, authorize, authorized
major
a.
Einstein's theory of general relativity 爱因斯坦的广义相对论
Darwin's theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论political theory 政治理论in theory 从理论上而言 in practice 实际上
Related words: theoretical a.
theoretical knowledge 理论知识
major problem 严重的问题major role 重要作用major factor 重要因素 major road 主路
n. v.
What's your major? 你是什么专业的？I major in history. 我主修历史。Antonyms: minor
Related words: majority, majorly, key
benefit
n. v.
issue
n.
for one's own benefit 为了自己的利益
benefit from 从中获利
Synonyms: use, help, value, advantage, assistance
Related words: beneficial, beneficially, beneficiary, beneficiaries
key issue 关键问题legal issues 法律问题political issues 政治问题social issues 社会问题economic issues 经济问题
a burning issue 一个紧迫的问题
n.
evidence
n. v.
clear evidence 明显证据hard evidence确凿证据seek evidence 寻找证据fresh evidence 最新证据reliable evidence 可靠证据hide evidence 掩藏证据Synonym: information
Related Words: evident, evidential, evidently
the latest issue 最新一期（杂志或报纸）v.
issue a statement 发表一项声明issue a warning 提出警告
Synonyms: topic, subject, problemAntonyms: retract
labor
n. v.
establish
v.
establish relations / links 建立关系 established fact 既成事实
Related Words: disestablish, disestablishment, establishment
manual labor 手工劳动cheap labor 廉价劳动力child labor 童工labor force 劳动力labor market 劳务市场labor camp 劳教所
labor costs / costs of labor 劳动力成本labor shortage 劳动力短缺withdraw one's labor 罢工
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occur
v.
It didn't occur to you to phone the police? 你当时没想到报警？
Synonyms: happen, take place Related words: occurrence
daily occurrence / common occurrence economic
司空见惯的事
a.
economic growth 经济增涨
economic development 经济发展
economic slowdown / downturn 经济萧条economic policy 经济政策economic climate 经济环境economic crisis 经济危机
Synonyms: commercial, profitableAntonyms: uneconomic, unprofitableRelated words:involved
economy, economics
a.
be involved in an accident 跟事故有牵连
be romantically involved with someone与某人关系暧昧
I can't explain it. It's all rather involved. 不好解释，很复杂。
Synonyms: connected, complicatedAntonyms: simple
Related words:percent
involve, involvement
n.
high percentage 很高的比例low percentage 很低的比例small percentage 很小的比例percentage point interpretation
百分点
n.
be open to interpretation 可以做多种解释
It's difficult to put an accurate interpretation on the survey results. 调查结果不容易做出准确的诠释。Synonyms: understanding, translation, rendition, clarification, analysis
Related words: interpret, interpreter, interpretive, misinterpret, reinterpret, no interpretationalspeaking through an interpreter 在口译员的帮助下，他（她）……
The Academic Word List
consistent
a.
a consistent effort 不懈的努力
a consistent improvement 持续的进步
consistently high performance 一贯的优异表现
The theory is consistent with the data. 理论与数据相符。Synonyms: consecutive, consequent, agreeable, identicalAntonyms: inconsistent
Related words: consist, consistency, consistence, consistently, inconsistency, inconsistent, inconsistently
income
n.
income rises / falls 收入上升source of income 收入来源low-income family 低收入家庭personal income 个人收入annual income 年收入average income 平均收入national income 国民收入
gross income 总收入（税前收入）net income 净收入（税后收入）income level 收入水平 income tax 收入所得税
People on higher incomes should pay more tax. 高收入人群应该多缴税。
The company's income has dropped because of poor sales.
销售不足导致公司收入下降。Synonyms: earnings, wageAntonyms:structure
expenses
n.
political structure 政治结构
economic structure 经济结构social structure 社会结构class structure 阶级结构internal structure 内部结构basic structure 基本结构
management structure 管理体系power structure 权力结构
v.
highly structured 结构严谨的
a structured approach to teaching 计划严密的教学方法
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The Academic Word List
legal
a.
constitution
n.
legal requirement 法律要求 legal limit 法律限定legal advice 法律咨询legal system 法律体系legal holiday 法定假日Antonyms: illegal
Related words: legality, legalize, legalization, legalistic
concept
n.
new concept 新概念basic concept 基本概念Synonyms: idea
Related words: conception, conceptual, conceive
unwritten constitution 不成文宪法constitutional right 宪法赋予的权利
constitutional reform / change 宪法改革（修改）She has a strong / good constitution – she'll recover. 她体质很好，她会恢复的。
Synonyms: wholesome, healthy, lawful, legal, legitimate, essential
Antonymous: unconstitutional
Related words: constitute, constituencies, constituency, constituent, constitutionally, constitutive, unconstitutional
analysis
n.
formula
n.
magic formula 秘诀
winning formula 成功的秘诀
Formula One car 一级方程式赛车See also: equation
Related words: formulate, formulaic to formulate a plan 制订一个计划 to formulate a theory 提出了一种理论a formulaic joke 老掉牙的笑话
section
n.
a detailed analysis 详细分析 an in-depth analysis 深入分析 data analysis 数据分析
further analysis of the data 对数据的进一步分析 carry out / conduct an analysis 进行分析 in the final analysis 归根结底
Related words: analyses/analyze, analyzer/analyzer, analyst, analytic, analytical, analyticallypolitical analyst 政治分析家an analytical mind 分析头脑
distribution
n.
reference section 参考书库
the tail section of the airplane 飞机的尾部smoking section 吸烟区
sports section 报纸的体育版cross section 横断面图Synonyms: part, area, regionRelated words: sectional, sectorsectional interests 小团体的利益
population distribution 人口分布cash distribution 现金分配
Related words: distribute, distributional, distributive, distributor, redistribute
be widely distributed 广泛分布be evenly distributed 平均分配
function
n.
require
v.
His broken leg requires surgery. 他的断腿需要手术。You're required to wear a seat belt. 乘客必须系好安全带。
Synonym: need
Related words: requirement
perform / fulfill a function 实现功能
regulate the bodily functions 调节身体机能
I met Sylvia at a church function last week. 教堂集会
v.
function normally / correctly / properly 正常发挥功能
I can't function without…. 没有…….我就瘫痪。Synonyms: work, run
Related words: functional, functionally, functionality
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area
n.
rural area 郊区urban area 城区
mountainous area 山区business area 商业区no-smoking area 禁烟区dining area 就餐区play area 游戏区
reception area 前台接待区problem area 问题的所在subject area 主题 area code 区号
area manager 区域经理
Synonyms: (Piece of land) space, part, (Special subject) matter, field
approach
n.
a new approach to teaching 一种新的教学方法a creative approach 创造性的方法
a more direct approach 更加直接的方法adopt a tough approach 采取严厉手段
take a more practical approach 采取更实际的方法a sign of the approach to middle age 人到中年的征兆
v.
approach a problem / task / matter 解决问题
Synonyms: consider, handle, manage, contact, related approachable, unapproachable, reproachSynonyms:role
line, style, method
n.
role-play 角色扮演the leading role 主角
major / minor role 主要角色（次要角色、小角色）key role 关键作用
play a significant role 发挥重大作用
to limit the role of government 限制政府职能a positive role model legislation
好榜样
n.
a piece of legislation 一项法律pass legislation 通过法律national legislation 国家法律
power of legislation / legislative power 立法权
Related Words: legislate, legislative, legislator, legislatureSynonyms: law, lawmaking, code, constitution
The Academic Word List
indicate
v.
indicate one's willingness 表示愿意research indicates…. 研究表明
Related words: indication, indicative, indicator, indicatory, indictable, indicated, unindicted, rededicate
response
n.
immediate response 直接反应an emotional response 反应激烈positive response 积极回应negative response 消极回应 Synonym: reaction
Related words:period
respond, responsive
n.
a short period of time 一小段时间trial period 试用期early period 早期
a fixed / set period 规定时期start one's period 月经初潮Related words:context
periodical
n.
historical context 历史背景
look at… in context 放到一定背景之下审视
They took my words out of the context. 他们断章取义。Related words: contextual, contextualize, contextualization
significant
a.
highly significant 十分重大 significant difference 重大区别
Synonyms: big, important, large, major
Antonyms: insignificant, meaningless, unimportant
You realize your problems are insignificant in comparison. 相比之下，你的问题微不足道。Related words:similar
significance, significantly
a.
in a similar way 几乎同样地
They look similar. 他们看起来很像。strikingly / remarkably similar 惊人的相似Synonyms: alikeAntonyms: different
Related words: similarly, similarity
They're both blonde, but there the similarity ends. 她们都是金发。除此之外，再无相似之处。
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The Academic Word List
Sublist 2
community
n.
strategy
n.
community education 社区教育ethnic communities 民族社区
a minority community 少数民族社区business community 商业社区Synonyms: group
Related words: commune, communitarian, neighborhood, suburb, town
resident
n. adj.
business strategy 经营策略marketing strategy 营销策略economic strategy 经济战略political strategy 政治策略overall strategy 全局战略long-term strategy 长期战略develop a strategy 发展一个战略Synonyms: planning, tacticRelated words: strategic
strategic withdrawal 战略性撤退
resident expert 常驻专家
the resident population 常驻人口permanent resident 永久居民
Synonyms: Inhabitant, Citizen, Dweller
Related words: Reside, Residence, Residential
element
n.
range
n.
a wide / narrow range of 一大（小）部分within range of 在…范围之内
out of / beyond range of… 在范围之外vocal range 音域shooting range 射程product range 产品系列price range 价格区间
out of our price range 对我们来说太贵了mountain ranges 山脉
Synonyms: variety, limit, distance
v.
a vital / key / an important / essential element 一个重要（关键）的因素be in one's element 如鱼得水be out of one's element 格格不入Synonyms: component, ingredient Antonyms: compound
Related words: elemental, elementary
previous
adj:
previous experience 以往的经验previous marriage 上一次婚姻Synonyms: prior, former Related words: previously
conclusion
n.
range from something to something 在……范围之内变化
Synonyms: include, moveRelated words: ranger, ranges
construction
n.
reach a conclusion 得出结论
I come to the conclusion that… 我得出结论
It's important not to jump to conclusions. 不能妄下定论。
in conclusion 总之，最后
Related words: conclude, conclusive
security
n.
be under construction = being built 建设中construction worker 建筑工人Construction site 建筑工地Construction Bank 建设银行Synonyms: structure, building
Related words: constructor, constructive constructive criticism 有建设性的批评
tight security 严格的安全措施lax security 不严格的安全措施financial security 财政安全national security 国家安全personal security 个人安全security staff 安保人员
adequate security measures 足够的安全措施for security reasons 出于安全考虑
There're strict security checks. 安检很严格。
The thief was caught on a security camera. 窃贼被监控拍到。
Antonyms: insecurity Related words: secure
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aspect
n.
an important/significant aspect 一个重要的方面positive / negative aspects 积极（消极）的方面Synonyms:acquisition
part, side, view, feature, characteristic
n.
the acquisition of language 语言习得Synonyms: purchase, achievementRelated words: feature
acquire, acquisitive
n.
common feature 共同点
only redeeming features 唯一可取之处main feature 主要特点distinguishing feature 特色striking feature 显著特征
a feature of the landscape 地形特点
v.
The exhibition features paintings by Picasso. 展出了很多毕加索的作品。Synonyms:text
character
n.literary text 文学文本text message 短信v.
text a message 发短信Synonyms: textbook Related words: textual
n.
commission
set up / establish / create a commission 成立一个委员会（专门处理特定事宜）a special commission 专门委员会a joint commission 联合委员会
an investigating commission 调查委员会
The dealer takes a 20% commission on the sales he makes.
销售人员拿20%的提成。
He sells cosmetics on commission. 他卖化妆品，从中提成。
v.
commission somebody to do something 委任某人做某事
Related words: commissioner, commissions
The Academic Word List
regulation
n.
rules and regulations 规章制度（条条框框）All companies must comply with the regulations.所有公司都必须遵守规则。
under the new regulations 根据新的规定strict / tough regulations 严格的规定government regulations 政府规定make regulations 制定规则break regulations 打破规则
tighten regulations 加强规定，严格relax regulations 放松规定，通融
adj.
regulation shoes 符合规定的鞋子Synonyms: directive, guideline
Related words: regulator, regulatory Regulatory body / authority computer
监管部门
n.
send in the orders by computer 在线订货log onto a computer 登录系统
log off / shut down a computer 退出系统 a computer crash 死机
a computer system 电脑系统a computer error 电脑故障computer games 电脑游戏
Related words: compute, computational
See also: motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, random access memory (RAM)
item
n.
an item on the agenda 议题household items 家庭用品luxury items 奢侈品stolen items 遗失品news items 新闻Related words:consumer
itemize
n.
the consumer 消费者（统称）consumer demand 消费需求consumer spending 居民消费
consumer group （保护消费者权益的）消费者协会the consumer market 消费市场（目标市场）Synonyms: customer, client, guestRelated words: consume, consumption mass consumption 大众消费 energy consumption 能源消费
domestic consumption 国内消费（内需）conspicuous consumption 炫耀性消费
9
The Academic Word List
achieve
v.
assistance
n.
achieve one's goal / objective 达到目标achieve one's ambition 实现抱负
achieve good results / success 取得成绩（成功）Synonyms: do, reach, realize/realize, complete
Related words: achievable, unachievable, achievement, achiever
See also: archive, off/realie
a sense of achievement 成就感
final
adj.
Can I be of any assistance? 我能帮你吗？seek assistance 寻求帮助financial assistance 财政支持economic assistance 经济支持technical assistance 技术支持military assistance 军事援助 related words: assistant assistassistant manager 副经理 assistant director 副导演
final exam 期末考试final stage 最后阶段final minutes 最后时刻final whistle 终场哨声
He has the final say. 他有最终决策权。
Is that your final answer? 这是你最后的决定吗？Synonyms: terminal, ultimateAntonyms: first, initialRelated words: finally
normal
adj.
normal life 正常生活as normal 像平常一样
in/under normal circumstances 在正常情况下
n.
positive
adj.
Thankfully, train services are now back to normal. 很庆幸，火车服务又恢复了正常。Synonyms: usual, common, regular
Antonyms: unusual, uncommon, irregular, strange, special
See also: normal distribution
positive attitude 积极的态度positive effect 积极的效果positive thinking 乐观的精神 positive contribution 积极的贡献a positive image 正面形象 positive feedback 正面反馈Think positive! 积极一点！
TV can be a positive influence. 看电视是有益的。on the positive side 好的一面是… take positive steps 采取积极措施
Positive action is required. 得采取积极行动。Antonyms: negative
Related words: positively, positivist, positivism, positivity
relevant
adj.
What experience do you have that is relevant to this position?
对于这个职位你有什么相关经验吗？Related Word: relevantly
Synonyms: applicable, appropriate, suitable, fittingAntonyms: irrelevant
distinction
n.
evaluate
v.
It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness 效果很难评估。Synonyms: assess
Related words: evaluation
the distinction between formal and informal language 正式和非正式语言间的区别
clear/sharp distinction 明显的区别
make no distinction between 在……之间没有区别a writer of distinction 非常优秀的作家Synonyms: difference Related words: distinctive
region
n.
coastal region 沿海地区
the Choco region of Columbia 哥伦比亚的乔科省in the region of 在……区域内synonyms: area
Related words: regional
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京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
traditional
adj.
a traditional view 一个传统的观念
traditional family values 传统的家庭价值观It is traditional not to eat meat on Good Friday. 在耶稣受难日那天不吃肉是个传统。Synonyms: conservative
Related words:impact
tradition, traditionally
n.
We need to assess the impact on climate change. 我们需要评估气候变化带来的影响。have an impact 对……有影响
reduce/lessen/soften the impact of something 减少……的影响
v.
impact on/upon 对……有影响Related words:consequence
impacted
n.
be a consequence of something…… 的后果、结果in consequence 因此、结果
escape the consequences 避免这个后果serious consequences 严重的后果
Synonym: consequently, consequent, aftermathAntonym:chapter
inconsequence
n.
Read Chapter 11 as your homework. 你的作业是读第11章。
a new chapter of peace and cooperation 和平与协作的新篇章
the noblest chapter in our history 历史上最宏伟的一刻
give/quote somebody chapter and verse 给某人equation
（尤其是书中的）详细信息
n.
solve an equation 解方程式
I spent over an hour trying to work out the equation. 我用了一个多小时试图解出这个方程。Something enters/comes into the equation 某事开始有效果了
It all becomes more complicated once you bring money into the equation. 一旦把钱也考虑进去，事情就变得更复杂了。
Related words: equator, equatorial, equal
The Academic Word List
appropriate
adj.
clothes appropriate for a job interview 适合面试的服装It would not be appropriated for me to discuss that now. 对我来说，现在不适合讨论这个。appropriate time/place 合适的时间、地点as appropriate 酌情、视情况而定
Where appropriate, I delegate as much work as possible. 恰当的时候，我会尽量多工作。Synonym: right, correct
Related words: appropriacy, appropriately, appropriateness, inappropriate, inappropriately
v.
Congress appropriated $5 million for International Women's Year.
国会为国际妇女年拨出500万美元。Synonyms: take, assume, adopt, seizeAntonyms: misappropriate Related words: resource
appropriateness
n.
natural resources 自然资源financial resources 财政资源limited resources 有限资源
Swaziland is rich in natural resources. 斯威士兰有丰富的自然资源。Related words:participation
resourceful
n.
We want more participation in the decision-making.在制定决策上我们需要更多的参与。
Thank you for your participation. 谢谢您的参与。Related words: participate, participatory
survey
n.
carry out/conduct a survey 做调查
a survey of US businesses 美国企业调查
a survey shows/ reveals something 一项调查显示、揭露
v.
They got out of the car to survey the damage. 他们走出车去检查车的破损。Synonym: estimate, measure, examineRelated words: surveyor
11
The Academic Word List
potential
adj.
credit
n.
potential customer 潜在客户potential problem 潜在问题potential threat 潜在威胁Synonyms: possibleAntonyms: actual
n.
She has the potential to become a champion. 她有做冠军的潜力。
a young player with great potential 一个很有潜力的年轻运动员
Most new cars are bought on credit. 很多新车都是赊购的。
They never give Gene any credit for all the extra work he does.
他们从来没表扬Gene额外做的工作。To Jamie's credit, he remained calm. 值得表扬的是，Jamie保持了冷静。credit card 信用卡
v.
cultural
adj.
cultural differences 文化差异cultural identity 文化认同cultural background 文化背景cultural heritage 文化遗产cultural traditions 文化传统Related words: culture
The cheque has been credited to your account. 支票已计入我的贷方。
We found his statement hard to credit. 我们发现他的话不可信。
Synonyms: approval, praise, respectAntonyms: blame, fault, debitRelated words: creditable
affect
v.
transfer
v.
Swod transferred from MI6 to the Security Service. Swod 从军情六处调到了安保局。transfer your affections 移情
n.
decisions which affect our lives 影响我们的决定We were all deeply affected by her death. 她的死讯深深地影响了我们。Synonyms: move, change
Related words: affectation, affection, affected, unaffected
the transfer of assets within a group of companies 在一群公司中转移财产
Penny's applied for a transfer to head office. Penny 已经申请了调去总公司。Synonyms: move, remove, shift Related words: transference
category
n.
select
v.
There are five categories of workers. 这有五种员工。A lot of water plants belong to this category. 许多水生植物属于同一种类。a special category 一个特殊的种类Synonyms: kind, type, sortRelated words: categorize
a group of students selected at random 随机挑选一组学生
They selected the winner from six finalists. 他们是从六组参赛选手中挑选出来的。
Simon's been selected to go to the conference. Simon是从会议中被挑选出来的。
adj:
perceive
v.
The party was small and select. 这个生日会比较小很是很好。
Honorary degrees are handed out to a select few.荣誉学位只被授予了几个优秀的人。Synonyms: pick, choose
Related words: selection, selected
She had been perceived as a future chief executive. 她被看作是将来的首席执行官。
Cats are not able to perceive colour. 猫分辩不出颜色。
He perceived that there was no other way out of the crisis.
他认识到没有什么方法来摆脱危机了。Related words: perception
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京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
seek
v.
hide and seek 捉迷藏seek help 寻求帮助seek shelter 寻求庇护
Do you think the President will seek re-election? 你认为总统会尝试新一轮的竞选吗？
Local schools are seeking to reduce the dropout rate. 当地学校正在试图减少辍学率。Synonyms: find, hunt, searchRelated words: focus
seeker
v.
He needs to focus more on his career. 他需要更专注于他的事业。
She tried to focus her mind on her work. 她试图集中注意力到工作上。
noun.
I shall now turn to the main focus of this essay. 我需要转移主要精力到写论文上。a shift of focus 焦点转移in focus 聚焦
synonyms: concentration Related words:purchase
focal
v.
Tickets may be purchased in advance from the box office.
可以从售票处提前买票。
You can purchase insurance online. 你可以在网上买保险。
n.
day of purchase 购买日期proof of purchase 购买凭证Synonyms: buy, acquire, get
Related words:injury
purchasable, purchaser
n.
Beckham has missed several games through injury. 贝克汉姆因伤错过了几场比赛。
The driver suffered injuries to his legs. 司机的腿受伤了。a head injury 头部受伤suffer an injury 受伤
be prone to injury 经常受伤的、易受伤的Synonyms: woundRelated words: injure
The Academic Word List
site
n.
the site of the air crash 飞机失事的地点a site for a new airport 新机场的地点on site 现场、原地
Synonyms: place, locationSee also: website, on site
v.
be sited in/on/at 选址在……Synonyms:journal
situate, locate
n.
the British Medical Journal 英国医学周刊keep a journal 开专栏Synonyms: diary, log, blogRelated words: primary
journalism
adj.
primary purpose/aim/objective 主要目的Personal safety is of primary importance. 人身安全是最重要的。
n.
a primary school 一所小学
Synonyms: elementary, major, mainRelated words:complex
prime, primarily
adj.a complex system of highways 高速公路的复杂系统a highly complex process 一个高度复杂的程序n.
leisure complexes 运动休闲中心
China was a complex of different societies. 中国有很多不同的群集。
I used to have a complex about my looks. 我过去经常纠结于我的外貌。Synonyms: complicated, involved Antonyms: simple
Related words:institute
complexity, complexness, complexly
n.
research institutes 研究院
the Institute for Space Studies 太空研究所
Related words: institution, institutional, institutionalize, institutionally
v.
We had no choice but to institute court proceedings against the airline. 我们别无选择，只能通过法律程序对抗航空公司。Synonyms: execute, practice, invoke
13
The Academic Word List
investment
n.
conduct
v.
Japanese investment in American 日本在美国的投资a minimum investment of $5,000 最少投资5000美元make an investment 投资attract investment 招商引资
a risky investment 一个有风险的投资a long-term investment 一个长期投资See also: savings, stocksRelated Words: investSynonyms: asset, stock
conduct a survey 做调查
conduct a experiment 做实验conduct a business 做生意
The interview was conducted in English. 这是一个英语面试。
Synonyms: organize/organise, behave
n.
administration
n.
the administration of justice 执法the college administration 学院领导the Kennedy Administration 肯尼迪政府Synonyms: government, regime
Related Words: administrator, administrate, administrative
ethical conduct 道德行为
the conduct of the elections 进行选举a code of conduct 行为守则Synonyms: behavior/behaviourRelated Word: conductivity
maintenance
n.
the cost of repairs and maintenance 修理和维护费用maintenance crew/man/staff 维修人员routine maintenance 日常维修、例行维护car maintenance 汽车保养Related words: maintain
design
n.
the design process 设计过程
computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计grand designs 总计划、总方针
v.
She designed a new logo for the company. 她为公司设计了一个新商标。
Specially designed software 专门设计的软件Related words: designer
obtain
v.
You will need to obtain permission from the principal. 你需要从校长那里获得批准。
the results obtained through these surveys 通过实验获得的结果Synonyms: acquire, getRelated Words: obtainable
restrict
v.
I'm restricting myself to two cigarettes a day. 我限制自己每天抽两支烟。
In future we will restrict class sizes to 20 students. 将来我们将学生数量控制在20人之内。Related words: restricted
This room is restricted to company employees. 这个房间仅限公司雇员入内。14
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
Sublist 3
comment
n.
his comments about the government 他关于政府的评论
no comment 不做评论
a sad comment on the quality of our schools 一个学校质量不好的信号
a fair comment 一个公正的评价Synonyms: remark
v.
People were always commenting on his behavior. 人们总在谈论他的行为。
Smith's lawyer commented that the decision was right.Smith的律师说这个决定是正确的。Synonyms: remark, say, state Related words:convention
commentary
n.
convention center 会议中心
the European convention on human rights 欧洲人权公约
social conventions 社会成规、社会传统by convention 按照惯例
rules and conventions 规则与约定
Synonyms: meeting, conference, custom, habit, pact, treaty, agreement
Related words: convene, conventional, conventionally, unconventional, unconventionally
publish
v.
The first edition was published in 1765. 1765年发表了第一版。
She was only 19 when her first novel was published. 她19岁时发表了她的第一部小说。Related words: framework
publication, publisher
n.
a framework for research 一个研究框架
the metal framework of the roof imply
金属结构的房顶
v.
an implied threat 一个潜在的威胁an implied criticism 一个隐含的批评
She had not meant to imply that he was lying. 她不是暗示他在撒谎。Synonyms: suggest, inferRelated words: implication
The Academic Word List
negative
adj.
on the negative side 从负面来说negative attitude 消极情绪
negative reply/response 否定的回应negative numbers 负数Synonyms: bad, problematic
Antonyms: positive, good, affirmative, optimistic
n.
answer/reply in the negative 否定的回答=say noSynonyms: problem
Antonyms: positive, good, affirmative
Related words: dominant
negatively, negativity, negate
adj.
dominant male 雄性首领
dominant position 占优势的地位
Japan became dominant in the mass market during the 1980s.
在20世纪80年代日本在大众市场占统治地位。
Related words: dominantly, dominance, domination dominate
illustrate
v.
Let me give an example to illustrate the point. 我举个例子来详细说明这个观点。
This dispute illustrates that the regime is deeply divided. 这场争端充分证明这个政体已四分五裂了。Synonyms: draw
Related words: outcome
illustration
n.
outcome of the election 竞选的结果the final/ultimate outcome 最终的结果
a satisfactory outcome 一个令人满意的结果
Did coverage in the media affect the outcome of the trial?
在媒体上的覆盖率会影响实验的效果吗？Synonyms: constant
result, consequence
adj.
a constant stream of visitors 络绎不绝的游客a constant friend 一个可信的朋友
travelling at a constant speed 以恒定的速度行驶Synonyms: continual, continuousAntonyms: variable
n.
time constant 时间常数Antonyms: variable
15
The Academic Word List
shift
v.
fund
n.
She shifted her gaze from me to Bobby. 她从看我转向了看Bobby。
He refused to shift his ground. 他拒绝改变主意。a new washing powder that will shift any stain 一种能够洗掉任何污渍的新型洗衣粉
n.
a marked shift in attitudes towards women 对待妇女态度显著的变化night shift 晚班shift system 轮班制
a dramatic shift 一个巨大的变化Synonyms: change, alter
pension fund 赔偿金
investment fund 投资基金short/lack of funds 缺少资金in funds 有资本、有资金可用
set up/establish a fund 建立一个基金
A sale is being held to raise funds for the school. 为了给学校筹集基金正在进行拍卖。
He had a fund of stories about his boyhood. 他仍记得许多童年时代的故事。Synonyms: charity
v.
deduction
n.
government-funded research 政府投资项目Synonyms: finance, back, supportRelated words: funding
Children will soon make deductions about the meaning of a word.
孩子们很快就可以通过推论知道这个单词的意思after deductions for tax 税后 Related words: deduce，deductive
reliance
n.
ensure
v.
facilities to ensure the safety of cyclists 确保骑车人安全的设施
I can ensure your safe return. 我能保证你平安回家。Synonyms: make sure
Related words: insure, assure, sure
the country's reliance on imported oil 这个国家依赖进口石油
the country's heavy reliance upon trade 这个国家非常依赖于贸易Synonyms: dependenceAntonyms: independenceRelated words: rely, reliant
physical
adj.
specify
v.
Regulations specify how long maintenance crews can work.
规定详细说明了维修工工作的时长。
The rules clearly specify that competitors must not accept payment.
规定详细说明了竞争者禁止收取各种费用。Related words: specific, specified
physical appearance 外表、外貌physical fitness 身体健康physical activity 体育活动
physical abuse/violence 身体伤害、虐待a physical defect 身体缺陷Related words: physics, physically
partnership
n.
justification
n.
There is no justification for holding her in jail. 没有理由把她送进监狱。
Mike felt, with some justification, that his colleagues had let him down. Mike认为他的同事让他失望了也是有道理的。
He made a speech in justification of his actions. 他为了解释他的行为做了一场演讲。Synonyms: excuse, explanationRelated words: justify, justified
close partnership 密切的伙伴关系
successful partnerships 成功的合作伙伴关系form/forge a partnership 形成一个伙伴关系 I've been in partnership with her for five years. 我和她合作已经有五年了。Related words: partner
See also: sole proprietorship, corporation
location
n.
geographical location 地理位置precise location 精确位置
Most of the movie was shot on location in Africa. 电影的大部分外景是在非洲拍摄的。Synonyms: place, position, point, spot, siteRelated words: locate
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京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
link
v.
Our economy is linked with America's. 我们国家的经济与美国的是相连的。Exactly how do we link words to objects? 我们怎样将单词和实物准确联系在一起？Strong family ties still linked them together. 紧密的家庭关系将他们联系在一起。He walked with her, linking arms. 他挽着她的手臂，和她散步。Related words: link in, link up
Synonyms: connect, join, bond, associate
n.
telephone link 电话线路golf links 高尔夫球场
the link between drug use and crime 使用毒品与犯罪之间的联系
the close link between teacher and student 老师与学生之间密切的关系Synonyms: coordination
chain
n.
the coordination of our economic policies 我们经济政策的协调
coordination between central and local government 中央和地方政府间的协调
Related words: alternative
coordinator, coordinate, coordinated
adj.
alternative ways/methods/approach 代替的方法alternative route 备选路线、另外一条路线alternative energy 替代能源、新能源alternative lifestyles 非传统的生活方式Related words: alternatively
Synonyms: other, one, alternate, substituteIdiomatic phrases:
alternative conjunction, alternative energy, alternative medicine
n.
viable alternative 可行的方法
I had no alternative but to report him to the police. 我别无选择只能把他交给警察。Synonyms: choice, optionRelated words: alternator
The Academic Word List
initial
adj.
initial stage/phase/period 最初的阶段
an initial investment of $5000 初期投资5000美元Synonyms: first
Antonyms: last, terminal
Related words: initially, initialize / initialise
n.
Can I have your initial, Mr. Davies? Davies先生，我能知道您名字的首字母吗？See also: abbreviation, acronym
v.
Would you mind initialing this voucher?
请您在这张单子上签上姓名的首字母好吗validity
？
n.
give some validity to the theory 给理论提供支持
Some experts questioned the validity of the president's ideas.
一些专家开始质疑总统想法的正确性。Antonyms: invalidity
Related words: task
valid, validly
n.
I was given the task of building a fire. 我的任务是生火。carry out the tasks 完成任务no easy task 不是简单的任务
set/give somebody a task 给某人个任务take on/undertake a task 接受一个任务assign a task 分配一个任务Synonyms: job
v.
We were tasked with completing the job by the end of 2006.
我们要求在2006年底完成任务。See also:technique
multi-task
n.
use a technique 使用一项技术practice a technique 实践一项技术a standard technique 一个标准技术management techniques 管理技术modern techniques 现在技术
There are various techniques for dealing with industrial pollution.
现在有很多技术是处理工业污染的。
In mathematics, we use many techniques of problem-solving.
在数学方面，我们有好多解决问题的技巧。Related words: technical
17
The Academic Word List
exclude
v.
reaction
n.
Some of the data was specifically excluded from the report.
一些数据被报告排除在外了。
At this stage we cannot entirely exclude the possibility of staff cuts.
在这个阶段我们不能完全排除裁员的可能性。Synonyms: omit, leave out, miss outAntonyms: include, allow
Related words: exclusion, excluding
consent
n.
the forces of reaction 反作用力quick reactions 反应快
chemical reaction 化学反应
She had a severe allergic reaction to the drug. 她对药物有很严重的过敏反应。
the government's reaction to the fuel crisis 政府对于燃料危机的反应
An emergency fund was set up in reaction to the famine. 应急基金的建立应对饥饿。Synonyms: response, reply
Related words: react, chain reaction
prior consent 事先同意
by common consent 大家都同意（公认）by mutual consent 双方同意have sb's consent 争得某人同意
He took the car without the owner's consent. 他没经过车主的允许用了人家的车。
His parents gave their consent to the marriage. 他的父母同意了他们结婚。Synonyms: agreement, okay / OK Antonyms: dissent
v.
criteria
n.
a set of criteria 一套标准sole criteria 唯一标准
meet/satisfy/fulfill criteria 符合标准
establish the criteria for something 为某事建立一个标准
Synonyms: standardRelated words: criterion
minority
n.
He rarely consents to do interviews. 他很少接受采访。Synonyms: agree, okay / OKAntonyms: dissent
proportion
n.
small proportion 小部分
high/large proportion 大部分
His feet seem very small in proportion to his body. 他的脚很小，和他的身体不成比例。
What's the proportion of boys to girls in your class? 你们班男女生比例是多少？Synonyms: ratio
small/tiny minority of 一小部分ethnic minorities 少数民族minority groups 少数民族、少数群体minority languages 少数民族语言、小语种a minority shareholder 小股东
Only a minority of people support these new laws. 只有一少部分人支持新法律。Antonyms: majority
Related words: minor, minority report, minority rule, plurality
technology
n.
demonstrate
v.
They'll demonstrate how to handle performance cars. 他们将展示怎么操控表演车。
What are they demonstrating against? 他们在游行示威抗议什么？Synonyms: show, display, prove
Related words: demonstration, demonstrable
the latest technology 最新的技术modern technology 现代科技advanced technology 先进技术digital technology 数字技术military technology 军事技术
Related words: technological, technically
philosophy
n.
the philosophy of Aristotle 亚里士多德的哲学the philosophy of science 科学的哲学philosophy of life 生活的哲学Related words: philosopher
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京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
remove
v.
be far removed from sth 与……大不同
Reference books may not be removed from the library. 参考书不会从图书馆里移走。
Congress could remove the President from office. 国会有权弹劾总统。
He removed his hat and gloves. 他摘掉了帽子，脱掉了手套。
n.
at a safe remove 在一个安全的距离内
We are at one remove from war. 我们就要打仗了。Related words: sex
remover, removal
n.
the opposite sex 异性
People of both sexes buy her records. 男性和女性都买了她的唱片。
v.
The organization is trying to sex up its image. 该组织正在积极改善自身形象。Related words: sexual See also:compensation
gender
n.
as compensation 作为补偿demand compensation 索赔
compensation for injuries at work 工伤赔偿
By way of compensation he offered to take her out for a meal.
为了扭转状况，他带她出去吃饭了。
She received compensation from the government. 他从政府拿到赔偿金。
Related words:sequence
compensate, compensatory
n.
in sequence 依次、逐一out of sequence 乱序
logical sequence 逻辑顺序
sequence of events 事情发展的顺序Synonyms: series
Related words:correspond
sequencing, sequential
v.
correspond with 相符合、相一致
roughly corresponds to 大致上与……相符
The numbers correspond to points on the map. 数字和地图上所指的点相符。Synonyms: match
Related words: correspondence, correspondent
The Academic Word List
maximum
adj.
maximum amount/ number 最大值
maximum sentence/penalty/fine 最高刑罚at maximum capacity 最大生产能力、最高生产能量The car has a maximum speed of 120 mph. 这辆车的最高车速是120英里每小时。Antonyms: minimum
Related words:circumstance
maximal, maximize
n.
economic circumstances 经济环境
under the circumstances 在这种情况下、既然如此under no circumstances 无论如何不、决不victim of circumstance 命运的牺牲品pomp and circumstance 讲排场、铺张、装腔作势Synonyms: situation, contextRelated words: instance
circumstantial
n.
for instance 例如
at sb's instance 因为某人的要求、愿望
They came across many instances of discrimination. 他们讲了很多关于歧视的实例。In this instance I think she was mistaken. 在此情况下，我认为她错了。Synonyms: example, case
v.
She instanced the first chapter as proof. 她拿第一张举例。
Related words:considerable
instant
adj.
We've saved a considerable amount of money. 我们已经存了很多钱。
issues of considerable importance 非常重要的事件The series has aroused considerable interest. 这一系列激起了很大的兴趣。Synonyms: significant, large, major, bigAntonyms: insignificant, inconsiderable
Related words: consider, considerate, consideration, considerably
19
The Academic Word List
sufficient
adj.
immigration
n.
sufficient evidence 充足的证据sufficient reason 充分的理由
The recipe is sufficient for six people. 这些食物够六个人吃了。
The money is not sufficient to cover everything that needs doing.
这些钱不够做所有需要的事情。
Synonyms: enough, adequate, satisfactory, appropriateAntonyms: insufficient, inadequate, lacking
Related words: self-sufficient, sufficiently, sufficiency, insufficient, insufficiently
immigration policy 移民政策immigration officers 移民局官员immigration control 控制移民
Immigration fell in the 1980s. 移民在20世纪80年代下降了。
Related words: immigrate, immigrant, migration, emigration
component
n.adj.
corporate
adj.
component of their work 他们工作的组成部分key/major/important component 重要的组成部分component parts 组成部分component elements 组成元素
Synonyms: element, constituent, part, piece
corporate culture 企业文化corporate identity 企业形象
corporate hospitality 企业社交、企业联谊corporate body 法人团体corporate clients 企业客户
Related words: corporation, corporately
constraint
n.
interaction
n.
Price is determined through the interaction of demand and supply.
价格受供求关系的相互影响决定的。
the interaction between mind and body 身心的交互作用
Related words: interact, interactive
contribution
n.
the constraint on spending 开销的限制financial constraints 财政限制time constraints 时间限制budget constraints 预算限制
No film producers are free from the constraints of censorship.
没有电影制作人是不受审查制度限制的。class sizes impose constraints on teachers 班级的规模受限于老师的数量Synonyms: restriction, restraint, limitRelated words: constrain, unconstrained
make a contribution 做贡献
acknowledge/recognize sb's contribution 承认某人的贡献
significant/ valuable contribution 有价值的贡献Contribution of $25 will buy 15 books. 捐25美元可以买15本书。
Contribution to charities is tax deductible. 给慈善事业捐款可以减免课税。Synonyms: addition, gift, donationAntonyms: withdrawal, retractionRelated words: contribute, contributor
technical
adj.
technical support 技术支持technical training 技术培训technical knowledge 技术知识technical terms 术语
related words: technology, technic
emphasis
n.
emphasis on 着重于，强调
a change of emphasis 重点的改变shift the emphasis 转移重点
The course places emphasis on practical work. 这个课程把重点放在了实际应用中。Synonyms: stress
Related words: emphasize/emphasise, emphatic
20
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
scheme
n.
a pension scheme 退休金计划pilot scheme 小规模计划、试验计划scheme for two new cross-city lines 新建两条城际路线的计划
a new scheme to boost exports 鼓励出口的新计划a classification scheme 分类计划launch a scheme 发起一个计划
run/operate a scheme 运行一个计划Synonyms: program, plan, strategy
v.
She schemed to kill him with poison. 她谋划着毒死他。Related words:layer
schemer
n.
a thick layer of dust 一层厚厚的尘土a thin layer of cloud 一片薄云
layer upon layer of clothing 好多层衣服in layers 成层、一层层multi-layered 多层次
v.
I have layered shoulder-length brown hair.
我有一头及肩有层次的棕发。Related words:volume
lay
n.
turn the volume up 加大音量turn the volume down 调低音量the volume of traffic 交通流量
a volume of Keats's poetry 一本济慈诗集Related words:document
voluminous
n.official documents 官方文件forged documents 伪造的文件
v.
His research documents how the crisis occurred. 他的研究报告记载了危机是怎样发生的。
It is well documented that men die younger than women.
大量资料均已证明男性寿命比女性短。Synonyms: file
Related words: documentary, documentarist
The Academic Word List
register
v.
register a marriage 登记结婚
be registered as unemployed 在失业名单上
How many students have registered for English classes? 有多少个学生报了英语课？
n.
hotel register 旅客登记簿
the electoral register 选民登记册call/ take the register 点名
the official register of births, deaths and marriages 出生、死亡和结婚的官方登记处Synonyms: submit, listRelated words:core
registry
n.
at the core of 核心
rotten to the core 坏透了、腐烂透顶
When I heard the news, I was shaken to the core. 当我听到这个消息时，我彻底震惊了。
adj.
core curriculum 核心课程core values 核心价值观core business 核心业务
Synonyms: main, chief, major, key
v.
Core the pears before cooking them. 用梨做菜时要去核。
Related words: hardcore
21
The Academic Word List
Sublist 4
overall
adj. adv.
hence
noun.
Synonyms: therefore, thus, consequently, so, as a result, Related words: henceforth, thence, whence
overall situation 全局
the overall picture 大意 (汉语用的多，补充)Overall, prices are still rising. (副词用法，补充)整体看来，价格还在上涨。Synonyms: general, total
Antonyms: partial, individual, partially, individually
occupation
emerge
verb.
Eventually the truth emerged. 最终真相大白It emerged that 事实表明
emerge from the fog 从雾中出现Synonyms: appear, arise, come outAntonyms: disappear
Related words: emergence,
professional occupations 专业工作service occupation 服务性行业
a full-time occupation 全日制的工作choose an occupation 选择职业
He carried on several occupations at a time. 他同时从事几种职业
military occupation 军事占领
Synonyms: invasion, conquest, job, profession, work,
Related words: occupational, occupationally, occupational therapist, occupational therapy
internal
adj.
regime
noun.
a military regime军事政权
a communist/democratic regime共产主义/民主政权a regime collapses/falls政权倒塌了
under the new regime 在新的政权的统治下
Synonyms: government, system, administration, the executive
implement
verb:
internal affairs/policies 内政
the threat to internal security 威胁国内安全internal structure 内部结构internal bleeding 内出血internal feelings 内心的情感
Synonyms: inner, domestic, inside, interiorAntonyms: external, international
Related words: internally, internality, internalize, internalization,
goal
noun.
implement a policy 落实一项政策implement a plan 执行计划
to implement the committee's recommendations in full全面贯彻委员会的建议
Synonyms: carry out, execute, fulfill, perform, put into practice, realize
Related words: implementation
project
noun:
His goal is to 他的目标是
Primary/ultimate goal 首要/最终目标long-term/short-term goal 长期/短期目标achieve/attain/reach your goal 达到目标set a goal 设定目标
score a goal 踢进一球 得一分Synonyms: objective, aim, target
retain
verb.
a research project 研究项目/课题a pilot project试点项目major project 重点项目set up a project 立项
a project manager 项目经理
He has been working on this project for three years. 他已在这个项目/课题上研究了三年。
verb:
project a film or picture onto a screen 投影a slip of paper projecting from the book 一张纸条从书里伸出来
Synonyms: protrude, extend, overhang, stick outRelated words: projector, projection, projecting
eliminate the false and retain the true 去伪存真retain one's presence of mind 镇定自若
retain an appearance of youth 保持年轻的外貌
We shall retain our rights. 我们将保留我们的权利。retain these distinctions 记住这些区别
Synonyms: hold, keep, reserve, save, maintain, preserve, remember
Antonyms: surrender, lose, forgetRelated words: retainable, retainer
22
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
sum
noun:
keep large/considerable/substantial/ tidy sums of money 拥有一大笔钱
a small/modest sum of money 一些钱
The sum of 5 and 4 is 9. 五加四的和是九。a zero-sum game 零和游戏in sum 简言之，总而言之
Synonyms: aggregate, amount, quantity, total, whole
verb:
to sum up 概述，总结
The total costs summed up to $1200. 总费用高达1200美元。
Synonyms: summarize, aggregateRelated words: integration
summary
noun:
monetary integration 货币一体化
regional economic integration区域经济一体化bring about closer political integration in the EU 实现欧盟内部更加紧密的政治一体化。
integration of theory with practice 理论与实践的统一the integration of races in the U.S. 美国各肤色种族的混合
Related words:mechanism
integrate, integrated, integrated circuit
noun.
defense mechanism 防御机制incentive mechanism 奖励机制survival mechanism 求生的本能
the mechanism of the brain 大脑机理market mechanism 市场机制，市场调节作用Synonyms: machinery, theory, machine
Related words: mechanist, mechanical, mechanize, mechanistic
parallel
adj:
The road runs parallel to the river. 这条路与小河平行。parallel lines 平行线
parallel structure 平行结构a parallel example 类似的例子
Synonyms: analogous, corresponding, matching, similar
noun:
a challenge which has no parallel/is without parallel in peacetime
和平时期无可比拟的挑战
pursue a career in parallel with Jackie 追求和杰克一样成功的事业
draw a parallel between 作一个比较
verb:
parallel A with B 把A和B相比Related words: parallelism
The Academic Word List
impose
verb.
impose tariff 征收关税
impose moral values on/upon 把道德观念强加给……impose on his kindness 利用了他的善意Synonyms: enforce, levy, take advantage of Related words:despite
imposing (adj.)
prep.
despite the fact that 不管，不顾despite all that 尽管如此
remain modest despite one's achievements 尽管有成绩仍然保持谦虚Synonyms: job
in spite of
noun.
apply for/get/lose a job 申请/得到/失去一份工作leave/quit your job 辞职be out of a job 失业
part-time/full-time job 兼职/全职a steady job 稳定的工作
a well-paid job 待遇优厚的工作job satisfaction 工作满意度
You did a good job. 你做得很好。It's my job to 是我的职责Related words:
jobless, work, profession, occupation, career, position, post, employment
parameter
noun.
demand parameter 需求指标parameter list 参数表
constant parameter 恒定参数geometric parameter 几何参数Synonyms: coefficient
Related words: parameterized
adj:
approximate
an approximate analysis 大概的分析an approximate calculation 大约的计算be approximate to 近似，大约，接近于Synonyms:
close, rough, estimated, inexact, near, around, or soAntonyms: exact, accurate, correct
Related words: approximately, approximation
verb.
to approximate to 接近于
approximate perfection 臻于完善
Synonyms: approach, be close to, be similar to, resemble
23
The Academic Word List
label
noun.
predict
verb.
book label 书签
anti-fake label 防伪标志
attach /put labels on one's luggage 在行李上贴标签acquire the label of 得到一个绰号
Her favorite label is Gucci. 他最喜欢的品牌是古驰。Synonyms: tag, ticket, brand, logo
verb.
he predicts that 他预言
to predict the future 预测未来It's hard to predict. 很难预测。
as he had predicted, 正如他所预测的那样Synonyms: forecast, foretell, foresee, prophesy
Related words:
label the bottle 给瓶子贴标签
label him (as) a trouble-maker 把他列为惹是生非的人Synonyms: brand, categorize, define, mark
prediction, predictable, predictability, prediction, predictive, predictor
summary
noun:
concentration
noun.
frowning in concentration 蹙额深思
sth requires/demands concentration 某事需要专注break sb's concentration 打断某人的注意力a lack of concentration 不能集中精神total concentration 全神贯注
intense concentration 精神高度集中concentration camp 集中营
the concentration of greenhouse gases 温室气体的浓度
Synonyms: compression, assembly, attention, focus, accumulation centre
Related words: concentrate, concentrated
the summary of Chapter Three 第三章概要in summary 简要地说
annual summary 年度总结
make a summary of facts 概述一下事实
Synonyms: abstract, outline, digest, review, synopsis, briefRelated words: summarize, sum, summation
adj:
a summary account 扼要的说明
summary financial statements 简略的财务报表a summary execution 即刻执行Synonyms: brief, hasty, immediate,Related words: summarily
attitude
noun.
principal
adj.
the country's principal cities 该国的重要城市principal food 主食
the principal points 要点principal clause 主句
the principal amount of your investment 投资的本金Synonyms: basic, chief, dominant, main, major, primary, prime, leading, supremeRelated words: principally,
noun.
a positive/negative attitude to/towards life 积极/消极的生活态度
attitude of mind 心态，思想方法，观点
take/have/adopt an attitude of 采取什么态度Attitude is everything. 态度决定一切。favorable/critical attitude 赞成/批判的态度take up an attitude 摆出某种姿势an attitude of despair 绝望的姿态
Synonyms: opinion, thought, viewpoint; air, behavior, manner, posture
the principal of a college 院长
He is the principal of this primary school. 他是这所小学的校长。
principal and interest 本金和利息Synonyms: headmaster, president, chief
undertake
verb.
series
noun.
a series of accidents 一系列事故a series of TV plays 电视连续剧a series of pictures 连环画a series of books 丛书
Synonyms: chain, line, procession, sequence, row
undertake a task/project 承担任务
undertaker research/a study 从事一项研究undertake duties/responsibilities 承担责任I can't undertake that 我不能保证
He undertook to pay the money back in six months. 他承诺六个月之内还钱。Synonyms:
take on, deal with, handle, commit to; assure, guarantee, promise
Related words: undertaking, undertaker
24
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
cycle
noun:
life cycle 生命周期
a vicious/virtuous cycle 恶性/良性循环
the boom and slump periods of a trade cycle 贸易盛衰循环
break a cycle 打破循环
be trapped in a cycle 陷入一个怪圈
the annual cycle race around France 年度环法自行车赛the cycle path 自行车道
Synonyms: circle, round, rotation; bike, bicycle
verb:
cycle to work 骑自行车上班
Economies cycle regularly between boom and slump. 经济在繁荣与衰退之间定期循环。Synonyms: circulate, rotate, rideRelated words: communication
cycling, cyclic, cyclist,
noun.
a line/channel of communication 沟通渠道lack of communication between 缺乏沟通communication skills 沟通技巧a communication system 通信系统communication satellite 通信卫星
cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际
verbal/non-verbal communication 语言/非语言交流Synonyms: telecommunication, exchange,
Related words: communicate, communicational, communicator
ethnic
adj.
ethnic group 同种族同文化的民族ethnic minority 少数民族ethnic identity 民族认同ethnic tourism 民俗旅游ethnic music 民族音乐
Synonyms: cultural, folk, racial, tribalRelated words:hypothesis
ethnically
noun.
prove/test/support the hypothesis 证明/验证/支持这种假设
reject the hypothesis about 排斥关于什么的假设Synonyms: theory, supposition, guess
Related words: hypothesize, hypothetical, hypothetically
The Academic Word List
professional
adj:
professional expertise/knowledge 专业知识professional skill/competence 专业技能professional qualification 专业资格professional training 职业培训sb.'s professional life 职业生涯
Synonyms: vocational, specialized, occupational, expert, qualified, skilled, trained
Antonyms: amateur, unprofessional
noun:
professionals such as lawyers and doctors 诸如律师和医生之内的专业人员a real professional 十足的内行Synonyms: expertAntonyms: amateur
Related words:status
profession, professionally, professionalize
noun.
have/enjoy high/low/inferior social status 拥有高/低的社会地位
an improvement in the status of women 妇女地位的改善marital status 婚姻状况the status quo 现状
status symbol 地位的象征
Synonyms: conference
standing, prestige, rank, class
noun.
go to/attend a conference 参加会议hold/organize a press/news conference 开记者招待会，新闻发布会bilateral conference 双边会议
a regional/international conference 地区/国际会议a conference call 电话会议
summit conference 首脑会议，峰会be in conference 在开会
have a conference with 和某人协商谈判Synonyms: attribute
convention, meeting, consultation
noun:
file attribute 文件属性
Kindness is one of his best attributes. 仁慈是他最好的品性之一。
Synonyms: characteristic, quality, feature, property
verb:
attribute his success to luck 把他的成功归因于运气attribute the saying to Confucius 认为这句格言出自孔子attribute intelligence to ants 认为蚂蚁有智力Synonyms: ascribe, assign, blame, chargeRelated words: attribution, attributive,
25
The Academic Word List
annual
adj:
commitment
noun.
annual ring 年轮annual salary 年薪
an annual report 年度报告
an annual rate of increase 年度增长率
noun:
brilliant annuals 鲜艳的一年生植物high-school annual 高中年鉴/年刊
Related words: annualized, annually, annuity, biennial, perennial,
obvious
adj.
a commitment to quality 注重产品质量
a commitment to conservation 致力于保护自然资源a lifelong commitment 一生的承诺make/give a commitment 做出承诺honor/meet a commitment 兑现承诺business commitment 商业约定
Synonyms: dedication, obligation, assurance, promise, vow
Related words: commit, committed
subsequent
adj.
an obvious advantage 显著的优势It is obvious that 很显然
It seems obvious to sb. that 对某人来说很明显an obvious reason/answer 明显的原因/答案blindingly/transparently obvious 非常明显的
Synonyms: apparent, clear, distinct, noticeable, self-evident, recognizable, blatant
Related words: obviously, obviousness
error
noun.
the period subsequent to the war 战后时期subsequent generations 后代in subsequent years 随后几年subsequent treatment 后续治疗
Synonyms: later, successive, following, succeeding, consequent
Antonyms: previous, beforeRelated words: subsequently
debate
noun:
make/commit an error 犯错
realize/find/spot an error 意识到/发现错误
correct/rectify/amend an error 纠正错误，改正过失a grave/fatal error 严重/致命的错误system error 系统错误human error 人为误差
Synonyms: mistake, fault, inaccuracy, miscalculationRelated words: errorless, erroneous
implication
noun.
under debate 争论中
be open to debate 有待讨论beyond debate 无可争辩
heated/intense debate 白热化/激烈的辩论political debate 政治辩论
be a matter of debate 有争议的事
provoke/spark/trigger debate 引发了一场辩论
Synonyms: discussion, argument, controversy, conference
verb:
major/far-reaching implication 重大/深远影响consider the implications of 考虑后果
possible/practical implications 可能的/实际后果by implication 含蓄地，通过暗示
implication in a conspiracy 被卷入阴谋中agree by implication 默认
Synonyms: hint, hidden meaning, involvement,Related words:
imply, implicit, implicate, implicated, implicational, implicationally,
debate the pros and cons of the matter 讨论这件事的利弊
debate with him on this matter 和他讨论这件事debate with myself whether 深入考虑Synonyms: argue, discuss, disputeRelated words: debatable, debatable
dimension
noun.
apparent
adj.
it is apparent that = it is obvious that
His guilt is apparent to all. 他的罪恶人尽皆知。for no apparent reason 无缘无故地，不知道为什么his apparent lack of concern貌似漠不关心的摸样Synonyms: clear, obvious, visible Related words: apparently 26
standard dimension 标准尺寸
the dimensions of the pond 池塘的尺寸three-dimension film 3D电影，三维电影
add a new dimension to photography 给摄影增加新的特色
cultural dimension 文化维度
Synonyms: aspect, size, measurement Related words: dimensional
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
promote
verb.
promote growth 促进增长promote reform 推进改革promote harmony 增进和谐promote the bill 促成法案通过promote a product 促销
promote him to a higher rank 提拔，晋升
Synonyms: advance, boost, advertise, market, elevate, facilitate
Antonyms: demote
Related words: statistics
promotion, promoter, promotional
noun.
official/government statistics 官方统计数据unemployment statistics 失业率统计
statistics show/indicate that 统计数字显示compile/collect/gather statistics 搜集数据statistics analysis 统计分析
Related words:option
statistical, statistically, statistician,
noun.
have an option of 有选择权
choose/go for/take up an option 作选择a good/better/attractive option 不错的选择You have no/little option but to pay up. 你别无选择，只能付账。
an option is open/available to him 他面临一个选择Synonyms: choice, alternative
Related words: domestic
optional, optionally, opt
adj.
domestic market 国内市场
domestic affairs 内政，国内事务domestic flights 国内航班
expand domestic expand 扩大内需
gross domestic product(GDP) 国内生产总值domestic chores 家务
domestic service 家政服务domestic dispute 家庭纠纷
domestic violence/abuse 家庭暴力
Synonyms: internal, national, household, family
Related words: domesticate, domestically, domesticated, domestication
output
noun, verb:
industrial/agricultural output 工业/农业产出the annual output of steel 钢的年产量actual output 实际产出output a file 输出文件
Synonyms: production, yield, result, produce, exportAntonyms: input
The Academic Word List
access
noun:
access course 入门课程
the only access to the town 到镇上的唯一通路have access to fresh air 有机会呼吸到新鲜空气gain/get access to training 获得培训的机会be easy/hard/difficult of access 很容易/难接近Synonyms: entrance, chance, opportunity
verb:
access the central database 访问中央数据库to access data 存取数据
Synonyms: obtain, get, approach, enter
Related words: code
accessibility, accessibly, accessible
noun & verb:
sending messages in code 用密码发送消息error code 错误代码
source code 源代码，源程序zip code 邮政编码code name 代号，代码
a code of practice/conduct/ethics 道德规范，道德准则a code of behavior 行为准则
create/produce/establish a code 设立准则
follow/comply with/adhere to/conform to a code 遵守规则
break/breach/violate a code 违反规则
Synonyms: cipher; laws, manners, regulations, rules, system
Related words:investigation
encode, decode, coded, coder,
noun.
a criminal investigation 犯罪调查
conduct/launch a full-scale investigation 展开全面调查an investigation of computer fraud 检查电脑错误under investigation 在调查中
Synonyms: research, check, examination, probe, inquest, inquiry
Related words: investigate, investigative, investigator, investigatory
phase
noun:
in an early phase 早期
in the experimental phase 在试验阶段
a very important phase of history 非常重要的历史阶段out of/in phase with the building work 和建筑工程不同步/同步进行Synonyms: stage, step, period, time
verb:
a phased withdrawal of troops 分阶段撤退部队to be phased in over 10 years 在十年时间里分阶段推行
27
The Academic Word List
prior
adj:
contrast
noun, verb:
have a prior engagement 已有约会在先
prior approval/consent/permission 预先批准by prior arrangement 事先安排give a prior notice 预先通知prior condition 先决条件This task is prior to all others. 这项任务比其他的任务都重要。Synonyms: previous, earlier, before, Related words: priority, prioritize,
noun: a sharp/strong contrast 鲜明的对比
a marked/ striking/clear/obvious contrast 明显的对比draw/make a contrast 作对比/形成对比
The white peak contrasts finely with the blue sky. 雪峰同蓝天交相辉映，互相映衬。
Usage: contrast with, contrast between, in contrast (to/with), by contrast (to/with)
Synonyms: comparison, difference, disparity, distinction,Antonym: similarity
Related words: contrasting
He is a prior. 他是教会男主持。I have no prior. 我没有犯罪前科。
granted
conj.
granted that 就算
take sb./sth for granted that 认为…是理所当然的，想当然
Synonyms: given adv: granted, …，but… 诚然，但是
stress
noun:
suffer from/experience great/considerable stress 经受很大的压力
mental/emotional stress 精神/情感压力under a lot of stress 压力非常大
cope with/deal with/relieve stress 减压lay stress on 强调
Synonyms: strain, pressure, tension, hardship, difficulty, emphasis
verb:
stress the importance of something 强调重要性stress the point that 强调一点He stressed that 他强调
Synonyms: emphasize, reinforce, highlight, accentuate, overemphasize
Related words: stressed, stressful
civil
adj.
civil rights/ liberty 公民权利/自由civil case 民事案件civil law 民法
civil defence 民间防御civil servant 公务员civil war 内战
a civil answer 有礼貌的回答
be civil to others 对他人很有礼貌，很客气
Synonyms: public, social, national, affable, civilized, courteous, polite, well-mannered, well-behaved
Related words: civilian, civility, civilize, civilized, civilization28
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Sublist 5
alter
an altered state 变化了的状态alter one's mind 改变想法have/get sth altered 改变
nothing alters the fact that 什么也改不了这个事实
Synonyms: adapt, adjust, modify, revise, transform, vary, reform, reorganize, restructure
Related words:stability
alteration, alternative, alternatively,
social stability 社会稳定political stability政治稳定
She lacks emotional stability. 她的情绪不稳定。Synonyms: balance, firmnessAntonyms: instability
Related words:energy
stable, stabilize, stabilizer, stabilization
conserve/save energy 节约能源，节省精力renewable energy 可再生能源clean energy 清洁能源
energy crisis/shortage 能源危机/短缺solar/nuclear/wind/wave energy太阳能/核能/风能/潮汐能be full of energy 精力充沛，精力旺盛
put energy into what I do 把精力放在所做的事情上Synonyms: power, fuel, vitality, spirit, dynamism, enthusiasm, vigor
Related words: energetic, energizing, energize, energetically
aware
be aware of 意识到
become aware of 知道，发觉
as far as I' m aware 据我所知（口语中）well/fully/acutely aware 充分意识到Synonyms: concerned, interested, sensibleRelated words:Licence (license)
awareness
noun:
driving licence 驾照
a gun licence 持枪许可证apply for a licence 申请执照
grant/issue a marriage licence颁发结婚证书revoke license 吊销执照
verb:
licence to do as you please 想怎样做就怎样做的许可be licensed to do sth 被许可
Synonyms: certificate, document, permission, permit, charter
Related words: licenser, licensee, licensed
The Academic Word List
enforcement
budget enforcement 预算执行
law enforcement agency/bodies 执法机构rigorous/strict/tighter/tougher 严格执行Synonyms: execution, implementing, conduct
Related words:draft
enforce, enforcer, enforced, enforceable
noun:
first/second/final draft 初稿/二稿/终稿a rough draft 草稿
approve a draft 通过一项草案a demand/sight draft 即期汇票bank draft 银行汇票，银行票据
Synonyms: version, conscription, cheque
verb:
draft a bill 起草法案
be drafted into the army 应征入伍
draft a doctor for a special task 选拔医生执行特殊任务
Synonyms: style
outline, conscript,
life style 生活方式；生活风格；格调architectural style 建筑风格out of style 过时的
the latest style in clothes 最新的时装款式it's not my style 那不是我的风格he has great style 他很有风度a style of writing 写作的文体
Synonyms: manner, design, fashion, mode, pattern, taste, type
Related words: stylize, stylized, stylish, stylishness, stylishly, stylist,
precise
the precise figure 精确的数字
precise measurements 精确的尺寸at that precise moment 就在那个时刻to be precise 准确地说，确切地说a very precise man 非常严谨的人
Synonyms: exact, accurate, correct, right, definiteRelated words:medical
precisely, precision,
adj:
medical centre 医疗中心
a medical examination 体格检查a medical university 医科大学the medical profession 医学界a medical ward 内科病房
noun:
A medical is a general check by a doctor. 体格检查，健康检查
Related words: medicine, medically
29
The Academic Word List
pursue
pursue the enemy 追求敌人
pursue his own happiness 追求自己的幸福pursue a calling 从事一种职业pursue a discussion 继续讨论
pursue a policy of peace 奉行和平政策Synonyms: follow, chase, run after, tack, tail Related words: pursuit, pursuer
decline
verb, noun:
symbolic
an symbolic gesture 具有象征意义的手势a symbolic image 作为象征的形象
symbolic importance/significance 象征性的意义Synonyms: indicative, emblematic
Related words: symbol, symbolically, symbolism, symbolize,
sales have declined 销售额下降了
her health began to decline 健康开始恶化decline an offer/invitation 婉言谢绝请求/邀请decline to comment 拒绝做出评论
the decline of the population 人口数量的下降be in decline 下降
Synonyms: decrease, reduction, deteriorate, cut, drop, fall, refuse,
Antonyms: incline, increase
academic
adj:
marginal
marginal improvement 小小的改进
make only a marginal difference 只会产生微小的差别marginal individuals 无足轻重的小人物marginal profits 边际利益
marginal notes 在书边缘做的笔记
Synonyms: borderline, insignificant, minor, low, small, minimal
Antonyms: central, primary, main, important, significantRelated words: margin
academic qualification 学历资格academic achievements 学术成就academic year 学年度academic report 学术报告academic standard 学术水平
noun:
a teacher in a college or university 大学教师，学者Synonyms: collegial
Related words: academy, academically
modify
capacity
the capacity of a container 容器的容量
the room is filled to capacity 房间里座无虚席（满载）your mental/physical capacity 你的智力/体能（才能，理解能力）
working at full capacity 以最大生产力生产Synonyms: volume, ability, competenceRelated words: size, dimension
modify the design 更改设计a modified version 改进版
modify the terms of a contract 修正合同条款
the noun is modified by an adjective 形容词修饰名词Synonyms: adapt, adjust, alter, revise, transform, vary, restructure, reorganize
Related words: modification, modifier, modified, modifiable
external
generation
from generation to generation 一代又一代地the next/new generation 下一代/新一代the rising/young generation 青年the generation gap 代沟
the generation of wealth 财富的产生Synonyms: production, reproduction
Related words: generate, generator, generational
external factors 外部因素the external world 外部世界external environment 外部环境
for external application only 仅供外用Synonyms: outsideAntonyms: internal
Related words: externally, externalize
psychology
exposure
exposure to the sun 暴露在阳光下
fear of exposure as a spy 害怕暴露间谍身份the exposure of his activity 他的活动的曝光a house with a southern exposure 朝南的房子Synonyms: reveal, showing
Related words: expose, exposed,
social psychology 社会心理学
educational psychology 教育心理学
the psychology of three-year-olds 三岁小孩的心理Related words: psychological psychologically, psychologist
fundamental
fundamental human rights 基本人权fundamental problem 根本问题fundamental reason 根本原因
fundamental error 根深蒂固的错误
Synonyms: elementary, basic, essential, necessary
Related words: fundamentals, fundamentalism, fundamentalist
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
30
adjustment
make an adjustment for 为了什么而作调整，适应a period of adjustment 适应期
minor/slight adjustment 稍微的调整adjustment to new role 适应新的角色
Synonyms: change, alter, adapt, modify, reform, revise, reorganize, restructure
Related words:ratio
adjust, adjustable, adjustability
the ratio of men to women is 1:1 男女比例是1:1the ratio between profits and incomes 利润率Synonyms:whereas
proportion, percentage, rate
Some praise him, whereas others condemn him. 有人赞扬，而有些人谴责他。 (in law) because of 鉴于
Synonyms: although, but, however, despite, while, nevertheless
enable
enable sb./sth to do sth 使能够，有可能The loan enabled Jan to buy the house. 贷款让Jan 能买得起房。
Related words:version
enabler, enabling, -enabled (suffix)
original version 原版
modified/revised version 修订版
a new version of the software 软件新版本a simplified version 精简版the uncut version 未删节版
the official version of events 官方对那些事件的看法Synonyms: edition, adaptation, interpretation, account, description, story, report
perspective
a perspective of lakes and hills 湖山远景a new/different perspective on life 对生命有了新的/不同的看法from a child’s perspective 从儿童的视角historical perspective 历史的角度
a global/international perspective 全球视角a sense of perspective 分寸感，区分轻重缓急put sth into perspective 恰当考虑
Synonyms: viewpoint, angle, outlook, point of view
The Academic Word List
contact
noun, verb:
have contact with sb. 和某人有联系be/stay/keep in contact with 保持联系
maintain a close contact with 保持密切接触
establish contact with outer world 建立与界外联系lose contact with 失去联系sever contact with sb. 切断联系come into contact with 接触contact sb.. by telephone
Synonyms: connection, touch, unionRelated words:network
contactable
noun, verb:
the railway network 铁路交通网television network 电视广播网communication network 通讯网络neural network 神经网
network adapter 网络适配器Synonyms: net, web
Related words: facilitate
networking
to facilitate language learning 促进语言学习Tractors facilitate farming. 拖拉机使耕作便利。Modern devices facilitate domestic work. 现代设备使家务活便利了。
Related words: welfare
facilitation, facilitator, facilitative
welfare fund 福利基金social welfare 社会福利welfare state 福利国家be on welfare 靠福利生活
the child's welfare 儿童的健康和幸福
promote the welfare of all citizens 促进全体公民的幸福
Synonyms: good, happiness, health, interests, well-being, prosperity
Related words: transition
welfare state
smooth/peaceful transition 平稳/和平过渡be in transition在过渡中
a transition process/a process of transition 转变过程the period of transition/a transition period 转变期，过渡期
Synonyms: alteration, change, shift, transformation, transit
Related words: transitional, transitionally, transitive
31
The Academic Word List
logic
logic symbol 逻辑符号strict logic 缜密的逻辑
internal/underlying logic 内在的逻辑defy logic不合逻辑
compelling/exquisite logic 让人信服/无懈可击的逻辑Synonyms: clarity
Related words: logical, logically
prime
adj.
reject
verb:
the prime minister 首相，总理prime suspect 头号嫌疑犯
prime site in the office 办公室最佳位置prime time for planting 植树最好的时间prime number 素数(如2、3、5、7、11)
Synonyms: main, chief, principal, major, key, primary, predominant, best, select, top, first-class
noun:
reject an offer of help 拒绝别人提供的帮助reject an appeal 驳回上诉reject his application 拒绝申请
reject religious beliefs 抛弃宗教信仰unanimously reject 一致否决
Synonyms: refuse, turn down, decline, deny,Antonyms: accept
Related words: rejection, rejective
noun:
be cut off in one's prime =died while in primein the prime of life 正值青春年华past his prime 已过年富力强的时期the prime of his career 事业的顶峰A prime is a prime number.
verb:
1. A reject is something that has been rejected.2. (countable); (slang) A reject is a stupid person.
If you prime something, you get it ready to do something.
The coach has primed them for the game.Synonyms: prepare
expansion
target
noun, verb:
the rapid expansion in student numbers 生数量快速增长
territorial expansion 领土扩张arms expansion 军备扩充economic expansion 经济扩张an expansion plan 扩建计划heat expansion 热膨胀Antonyms: contraction
Related words: expand, expanse, expansive, expansionary, expansionism, expansionist
shoot at the target 打靶target practice 射击练习target date 预定日期
meet/reach/achieve/hit a target 达标exceed a target 超额完成任务military target 军事目标target on/at 瞄准，针对
Synonyms: aim, ambition, goal, objective
objective
noun.
clause
principal/subordinate clause 主/从句
additional clause of a contract合同附加条款Synonyms: article
achieve/accomplish/attain an objective 达标specific objective 特定目标common objective 共同目标Synonyms: goal, target, aim
adj:
objective reality 客观现实objective laws 客观规律objective report 客观报道
an objective description 客观如实的描绘
Synonyms: impartial, rational, unbiased, unprejudicedAntonyms: subjective
Related words: objectively, objectivity, objectivity
sustainable
sustainable development 可持续发展sustainable growth 可持续增长sustainable agriculture 可持续农业
Related words: sustain, sustained, sustainability, sustenance
32
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
equivalent
equivalent weight 等量
equivalent amount of money 同样多的钱be equivalent to 相等，相同，等效
Related words:liberal
equal, equivalence, equivalently
adj:
liberal parents 开明的父母
liberal foreign policy 开放的外交政策liberal party 自由党
a liberal democratic state 自由民主的国家liberal education 文科教育，普通教育liberal arts 大学文科
Synonyms: left wing, broad-minded, Antonyms: conservative
Related words: liberalism, liberalization, liberalize, liberal, liberally
noun:
A liberal is a person who believes in liberal ideas.Antonyms:notion
conservative
vague notion 模糊的概念
absurd/ridiculous notion 荒谬/滑稽的想法，have different notions about 有不同的看法preconceived notion 先入为主的看法I had no notion of what her words meant. 不理解她的话是什么意思
Synonyms: opinion, idea, concept, thought,Related words:substitution
notional
the substitution of tea for coffee 用茶代替咖啡import substitution 进口替代substitute product 替代产品substitute teacher 代课老师
Related words:generate
substitute, substitution, substitutional
generate controversy 引起争议
generate revenue/profits/income 带来收益generate electricity 发电
Synonyms: make, produce, create, cause, bring about
Related words: generation, generator, generative, generatively
trend
a downward/upward trend 上升/下降趋势reverse the trend 扭转这种趋势trend analysis 趋势分析be on trend 正流行
follow the trend 追随潮流
the latest trend in clothes 最新的衣服时尚
Synonyms: inclination, tendency, fashion, mode, style
The Academic Word List
revenue
advertising revenue 广告收入tax revenues 税收收入national revenue 国民收入fiscal revenue 财政收入
defraud the revenue 逃税，漏税Synonyms:compound
income
noun.
an organic compound 有机化合物。
a toxin/dangerous compound 有毒化合物Synonyms: combinationAntonyms: element
verb.
compound a problem 使问题变得更复杂a smell compounded of dust and dead flowers 混合了灰尘和腐败的花朵的气味Synonyms: combine, complicate
adj.
compound noun 复合名词compound sentence 复合句compound interest evolution
复利
the evolution of a story 故事情节的发展the evolution of man 人类的进化the theory of evolution 进化论biological evolution 生物进化peaceful evolution 和平演变
Synonyms: development, growth, improvement, progressRelated words: conflict
evolve, evolutionary, evolutionist
noun.
come into conflict with sb. 产生矛盾cause/provoke conflict 引起冲突resolve the conflict 解决矛盾冲突racial conflict 种族冲突
be in conflict with 同…相抵触，有矛盾class conflict 阶级斗争Synonyms:
disagreement, inconsistent, battle, combat, confrontation, fightRelated words: conflicting
verb.
conflict with 和…相冲突
our political views conflict 政治观点不一致conflicting results 相矛盾的结果
conflicting opinions/ideas 冲突的观点
33
The Academic Word List
image
an image of the Virgin Mary 圣母玛利亚像 original image 原始图像
a good/bad image 好的/不好的形象public image 公众形象brand image 品牌形象
thinking in terms of images 形象思维be the (very/living) image of sb 很像某人Synonyms:discretion
appearance, picture, copy, portrait
I' ll be the soul of discretion 我会非常谨慎。at sb's discretion 由某人斟酌决定use one's own discretion 自行斟酌with discretion 谨慎地，审慎地
Discretion is the better part of valor. 谨慎即大勇，不做无谓的冒险。Related words:entity
discrete, discretionary
economic entity 经济实体
separate legal entity 独立法人实体entity and nonentity 存在和不存在
Synonyms: orientation
being, presence, existence, unit, item
sexual orientation 性取向
political/religious orientation 政治/宗教倾向the general orientation 大方向lose one's orientation 迷失方向
Synonyms: direction, tendency, inclinationRelated words:consultation
orient, oriented
have a consultation with sb 咨询某人be in consultation with sb 咨询，征求意见further consultation 进一步的磋商extensive/full 广泛/充分协商Synonyms: discussion, meetingRelated words:mental
consult, consultant
mental illness 精神病mental health 心理健康mental arithmetic 心算mental activity 心理活动
Synonyms: psychological, intellectualAntonyms: physical
Related words: mentally, mentality
34
monitor
noun:
computer monitor 电脑显示屏a heart monitor 心脏监护仪monitor system 监控系统judicial monitor 司法监督员class monitor班长Synonyms: screen
verb:
monitor air quality 监测空气质量
monitor his movements 监视他的行踪monitor an examination 监考Synonyms: watchAntonyms: challenge
ignore
noun.
meet/face a challenge 面对挑战accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战rise to a challenge 应战
a big/major/tremendous challenge 巨大的挑战Synonyms: task, doubt
verb.
challenge the authority 挑战权威
challenge the decision 质疑决定的正确性challenge sb. to fight 向某人挑战
Related words: challenging, challenger, challengingly, challenged
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
The Academic Word List
Sublist 6
intelligence
n.
attach
v.
high intelligence 高智商
attach sth to sth 使依附，贴上，系上be attached to sb/sth 喜欢上某人、某物
attach importance/significance to sth 认为....有重要性artificial intelligence 人工智能intelligence agencies 情报局intelligence quotient 智商 Related words: intelligent
n.
transformation
the gradual transformation from woodland to farmland由森林到农田的缓慢转变
undergo transformation 经历变革Related words:presumption
transform
n.
on the presumption that 基于...的假设
presumption against/in favour of 反对/支持...的假设Synonyms: assumption
Related words: presume,presumable,presumptuous专横的acknowledge
，放肆的，冒昧的
v.
acknowledge something as something （正式）承认This is a fact that most people readily acknowledge. 这是大多数人乐于接受的事实。
be widely/generally acknowledged to be something 被广泛/普遍承认为...
acknowledge receipt of sth确认收到某物Synonyms:utility
recognize/admit
n.
public utility 公共设施
the utility of sth ...的实用性Synonyms: use
Related words:furthermore utilize/utilizable
adv.
accurate
Synonyms: moreover,additonally
adj.
a reasonably accurate account 一个相当准确的解释strictly accurate = exactly accurate 完全准确Synonyms: correct
Related wordsdiversity
: accurately/accuracy/inaccurate
n.
cultural diversity 文化多样性ethnic diversity 民族多样性a diversity of opinions 多种意见Related words: diverse
No blame can be attached to Roy for the incident. 不能把事故责任归于Roy。
Attach a label to sb/sth 给...贴上标签Synonyms: fasten, join, connect
Related words: recovery
attached/ attachment
n.
make a full recovery 痊愈economic recovery 经济复苏
the recovery of the stolen money失而复得的钱Synonyms: improvement
Related words:assign
recover, recoverable, irrecoverable
v.
assign sb the task of 给...分配任务
assign sb sth/to do sth 把...分配给Related words:tape
assignment
v.tape the conversation 录下对话n.
Correction tape改正带Sticky tape 胶带
Synonyms:motivation
record, fasten
n.
motivation for(doing)sth 做某事的动机
improve one's motivation 激发某人的积极性lack motivation 缺乏动力
a high level of motivation 充足的动力Synonyms: intention/impetus
Related words: bond
motivate/motivational
n.
bond market 债券市场emotional bond 情感纽带the strong bond 密切联系Related words: edition
bind/bondage
n.
a paperback edition 平装版limited edition 限量版本first edition 初版morning edition 晨报Synonyms: version/revisionRelated words: edit/editor
35
The Academic Word List
nevertheless
Adv.
instruction
n.
What you said was true. It was, nevertheless, a little unkind.
你说的事对的，但是这么说有点无情。Synonyms: nonetheless/however/yet
transport
n.
Public transport 公共运输Rail transport 铁路运输
Means of transport 交通方式
Be in a transport of delight 欣喜万分Related words: transportation
according to.....instruction 根据....的指示follow instruction 遵循指导
detailed instructions 详细的说明specific instructions 确切的说明
instruction on how to do sth 做某事的说明give instructions 给出说明
carry out one's instructions履行指示my instructions are (=I have been told)
Related words: instruct/instructor/instructional
subsidary
n.adj.
cite
v.
a subsidiary of a US company 一家美国公司的子公司All other issues are subsidiary to this one. 所有的问题都没有这个重要。Synonyms: parent
Related words: subordinate
Cite sb 表彰某人Be cited as 引证为
Synonyms: reference/quoteRelated words: citation
fee
n.
input
n.v.
school fees 学费pay fees 支付费用Synonyms: cost/charge
input into = effort into
The information is input to our computer system.信息已输入我们的电脑系统。Synonyms: enterAntnonyms: output
scope
n.
the scope of =the range of ……的范围beyond the scope of 超出范围within the scope of 在范围之内
extend/broaden the scope of 扩大范围
There is considerable scope for further growth in the economy. 经济将有相当大的发展。
v.
abstract
adj.
enhance
v.
scope out =have a look atSynonyms: range
thinking in abstract terms 以抽象思维思考abstract thought 抽象思维
in the abstruct = in the general way
Synonyms: abstruse/vague/formal/seperateAntnonyms: applied/realistic/particular/concreteRelated words: abstractly, abstractness
ministry
n.
enhance reputation 提高声誉Synonyms: improve
Related words: enhancement
incorporate
v.
the Ministry of Agriculture 农业部门Synonyms: departmentRelated words: minister
capable
adj.
Incorporate sth into sth 包含/吸收/体现Related words: incorporation
capable of doing sth= be able to do stha capable woman 一个有才华的女人capable hands 能手Synonyms: able/skilledRelated words: capablity
expert
n.
36
an expert on/in 某方面的专家adj.
be expert at... 对某方面在行的an expert opinion 专家的意见
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
precede
v.
a type of cloud that precedes rain 下雨前出现的云Synonyms: follow
Related words:display
preceding
n.
a dazzling display of flowers 令人眼花缭乱的花朵的陈列
window display 橱窗展示display case 展示柜
the fireworks display 烟火表演put on display 公开展出
Unprovoked displays of aggression cannot be tolerated.无缘无故的侵犯不能被容忍。
v.
display one's feelings 表露感情Synonyms:incentive
show/monitor
n.
added incentive 额外的奖励
incentive to do sth 做某事的动力
give/provide/create sb an incentive 给某人提供奖励Antonyms: inhibition
Related words:inhibition
incent/incentivize
n.
lose one's inhibition 丢掉拘束
inhibit sb from doing sth 抑制某人做某事Antonyms: incentiveRelated words:trace
inhibit
v.
Trace sb 追踪某人
Trace sth back to sth 追溯
Rosie's fingers traced a delicate pattern in the sand.Rosie用手指在沙滩勾勒出一个精美的图案。
n.
No trace of 没有痕迹
Petra's lost all trace of her German accent. Petraignore
完全没有了它的德国口音。
v.
ignore the fact 忽略事实
problems which we can't afford to ignore 我们不能忽略的问题
completely/totally ignore sb/sth 完全忽略某人/某事Synonyms: neglect
Related words: ignorance
The Academic Word List
incidence
n.
incidence of crime 犯罪率incidence of ....的出现次数Synonyms: frequencyRelated words:estate
incident
n.
sb's estate 某人的财产
real estate agent cooperative
房地产经纪人
adj.
a workers' co-operative 工人合作社Synonyms:reveal
co-op
v.
reveal oneself as 透露自己是...reveal secret 揭露秘密Antonyms: conceal
Related words: index
reavling/revelation
n.
Index of ...的指标Synonyms:lecture
measure
n.
a series of lectures 一系列讲座give lectures 举行讲座Related words: discrimination
lecturer
n.
discrimination against sb 对..的歧视racial Discrimination 种族歧视discrimination in favor of
shape discrimination 形成辨别力
Related words:overseas
discriminate, discriminating, discriminatory
adv.Work overseas 在海外工作Come from overseas 来自海外adj.
overseas students 国际学生overseas investment 海外投资Synonyms:explicit
abroad
adj.
Make...explicit 使...明确
explicit instructions 明确的说明
explicit knowledge of grammar 详述的语法知识Antonyms: implicit
Related words: explicate
37
The Academic Word List
aggregate
n.
interval
adj.
in the aggregate 总的来说
an increase in the aggregate production 总产量的增长
v.
to aggregate riches 积聚财富Synonyms: total/sum/add
at intervals 时时，不时
sunny/bright intervals 短暂的好天气interval between ... 之间的间隔at regular intervals 在固定的间隔
gender
n.
neutral
adj.
gender differences 性别差异
traditional gender roles 传统的两性角色gender biases 性别歧视
gender stereotypes 性别定式gender issues 两性问题
remain neutral 保持中立
During World War II, Sweden was neutral. 在二战中，瑞典是中立国。
said in a neutral voice 以不动声色的口吻说Synonyms: evenhanded/unbiased
underlying
adj.
migration
n.
underlying assumption 潜在假设Related words: underlie
bird migration 鸟类迁徙
Related words: migrate/immigration
brief
adj.
flexibility
n.
a brief visit. 一次短暂的拜访
a brief description of the film 对这部电影的简短描述I'll be brief. 我会长话短说。Synonyms: shortRelated words: briefly
Stretching exercises will help your flexibility.舒展身体的锻炼有助于提高身体的灵活性。flexible working hours 弹性工作时间flexible approach 灵活的方法Related words: flexible
domain
n.
federal
n.
a domain name 域名
outside/within the domain of something/somebody 在……的领域外/内
federal law 联邦法律
Switzerland is a federal republic. 瑞士是联邦共和政体。
author
n.
rational
adj.
rational explanation 合理的解释
Man is a rational animal. 人类是理性的动物。think rationally. 理性地思考Antonyms: irrationalSynonyms: logical
Related words: rationally/rationality
Stephenie Meyer is an American author. Stephenie Meyer是一位美国作家。Related words: authorisev 授权，认可，批准，委任authorizationn. n. 授权，认可，批准，委任authority 权力
initiative
n.
minimun
n.
keep/reduce something to a minimum 保持/减到最小/最少
with the minimum of effort 以最小的努力at a minimum 至少
adj.
show more initiative 表现更多的首创精神use your initiative 运用你的首创精神He acted on his own initiative 他主动采取行动。
take the initiative 采取主动seize the initiative 抓住主动权lose the initiative 失去主动权Related words: initial/initiate
the minimum age for retirement 退休的最低年龄Synonyms: least
Related words: minimal/minimize
allocation
n.
the allocation of funds 资金配置allocate resources 配置资源Related words: allocate
38
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
The Academic Word List
exceed
v.
Sublist 7
intervention
n.
His performance exceeds our expectionions. 他的表现超出了我们的预期。Exceed authority 超出权力范围Synonyms: surpass
Related words: excessive /exceedingly
government intervention to regulate prices 政府干涉调节价格Synonyms: interfereRelated words: interveneIntervene in 干涉，插手
confirm
v.
confirm or deny 确认或否认
confirm a booking/reservation 确认一个预定confirm a appointment 确认一个约会
confirm your doubts/suspicions 证实你的怀疑
The expressions on his face confirmed me in my suspicions.
他脸上的表情证实了我的怀疑。Synonyms: verify/acknowledgeRelated words: confirmation
definite
adj.
It's impossible for me to give you a definite answer. 我不可能给你一个明确的答案。be definite about 对某事肯定的Synonyms: unquestionable/decided
Related words: definitely, definitive, indefinite
classical
adj.
classical music古典音乐classical literature 古典文学
the classical theory of relativity 相对论的经典理论Related words: classic
chemical
adj.
organic chemical industry 有机化学工业the chemical composition of ……的化学成份Related words: chemist 化学家Chemistry 化学
voluntary
n.adj.
Do voluntary work做志愿者工作on a voluntary basis 在志愿的基础上the voluntary sectorRelated words: voluntarily
39
The Academic Word List
release
v.
channel
n.
He was released from the hospital yesterday. 他昨天出院了。
The bears are eventually released into the wild. 这些熊最终被放回自然了。
A version of the game for Mac will be released in February.
Mac版的游戏将在二月发布。
Physical exercise is a good way of releasing stress. 锻炼身体是释放压力的好方法。
n.
change channels 换台
diplomatic channel 外交途径distribution channel 分配系统
channels of communication 交流途径the Channel 英吉利海峡irrigation channel 灌溉渠
Art provides a channel for the children's creativity.艺术为孩子们提供了创造力的施展空间。
v.
The film is on general release.电影公映了。
Playing the instruments can be a form of emotional release.
演奏乐器是感情释放的一种方式。Synonyms: liberate/free
visible
adj.
Most of his energy was channeled into writing and lecturing.
他的大部分精力集中于写作和演讲。
Women are likely to be channeled into jobs as teachers and nurses. 女性通常会选择教师或护士的职业。Synonyms: approach/way/road
file
n.
clearly visible 清晰可见
The comet is visible to the naked eyes. 彗星用肉眼就可以看见。visible signs 明显的迹象visible changes 显著的变化highly visible 被高度关注的Synonyms: noticeable
Related words: visibility 能见度/visibly
keep your details on file =store them for later usekeep files on 记载open the file 打开文件save the file 保存文件download a file 下载文件text file 文本文件
v.
finite
adj.
The contracts are filed alphabetically. 这些合同是按字母顺序存档的。file tax returns 提交纳税申报单
the earth's finite resources 地球有限的资源Synonyms: limitedRelated words: infinite
thesis
n.
publication
n.
main thesis 主要理论
thesis statement 理论陈述
the publication of her new book 她新书的发表a weekly publication 一个每周发布的出版物for publication =intended to be publishedSynonyms: come out
Related words: public/publisher
equipment
n.
a shop selling camping equipment 一家销售野营用品的商店a piece of equipment 一个器材
A lot of money was spend on the equipment of the new hospital. 新医院在设备上投入很多资金。Related words: equip
disposal
n.
Bomb disposal experts 炸弹拆除专家Tanner had a lot of cash at his disposal. Tanner有很多可支配的现金。Synonyms: removalRelated words: dispose
40
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
solely
adv.
Solely responsible for 单独为..负责
Synonyms: individually/completely/exclusivelyRelated words: sole
adj.
Sole survivor 唯一的生还者With the sole purpose of 只为了Sole right deny
独占权
v.
deny the existence of 否认..的存在
strongly/vehemently/strenuously deny sth 强烈地/竭尽全力地/费力地 否认
there is no denying that this is animportant event.毫无疑问这是一个重要的事情。Synonyms: refuse/impedeRelated words: identical
denial
adj.
Be identical to/with 和..完全相同
The twins are identical in appearance and character.这对双胞胎外貌和性格相同。Synonyms: similar/same/alikeRelated words:submit
identically
v.
submit an application 提交申请submit to 屈服，服从Synonyms: give in
Related words: grade
submission
n.
low grade products 低质量的产品
There are a lot of jobs in junior grade. 有许多低级的工作。
Synonyms:phenomenon
rank/level
n.
Homeless is not a new phenomemon. 无家可归不是一个新现象。Cultural phenomenon文化现象Synonyms: appearance
Related words: paradigm
phenomenal 显著的
n.
paradigm of ...的范例Synonyms: model
Related words: paradigmatic
The Academic Word List
ultimate
adj.
Ultimate goal/aim/objective 最终的目标Ultimate outcome 最终的结果Ultimate fate 最终的命运Ultimate decision 最终的决定Synonyms: eventual
Related words:extract
ultimately
v.
Tooth extracted 拔牙
Oils are extracted from the plants. 油是从植物中提取的。
Extract the maximum political advantage 谋取最大的政治利益
Extract the revelant information 摘录相关的信息
n.
extract from 文件的摘录Synonyms:survive
abstract
v.
people who survive cancer 幸免于癌症的人们survive on 靠...生存
survive this crisis 挺过这次危机
to survive the difficulties 渡过艰苦时期
He is survived by his wife. 他比他的妻子活得长。To survive the fire 从大火中逃生Synonyms: outliveRelated words:convert
survivor
v.
converted barn 改建的仓库convert to ……热衷于……
she succeeded in converting me to her point of view.她成功地说服了我。Synonyms: change
Related words: transmission
convertible
n.
worldwide date transmission 全球数据传输the transmission of the disease 疾病的传播a live transmission of 现场直播
The transmission of the program was brought forward due to its unexpected topicality.
该节目提前播送是因有出人意料的热门话题。Related words: transmit
41
The Academic Word List
global
adj.
topic
n.
global warming 全球变暖
global climate change 全球气候变化the global economy 全球经济a global view of 总体的观点Synonyms: worldwideRelated words: globally
topic for discussion 用于讨论的话题a wide range of topics 广泛的话题Synonyms: theme/subject
insert
v.
infer
v.
insert the key into the lock 把钥匙插入锁中insert a new clause into the contract 在合同中加入新的条款
n.
infer sth from sth 从...中推断
from the evidence we can infer that... 从证据中我们可以推断Synonyms: deduce
Related words: inference
guarantee
v.
He wore special inserts in his shoes to make him look taller.
他在鞋子里加了增高鞋垫。Related words: insertion
reverse
n.
advocate
v.n.
guarantee to do sth 保证做某事
all our products are fully guaranteed. 我们所有的产品都可以完全保证。All products are guaranteed for 3 years. 所有的产品都保质三年。
Even if you complete your training, you can't guarantee a job.
即使完成了培训，你也不能保证会有工作。
be guaranteed to do (某事物)使（另一事物）必定发生Synonyms: ensure/assure
I didn't mean to insult her-quite the reserve=(in fact, I meant to praise her) the reserve is true 相反的是正确的into reserve 向着相反的方向
v.
reverse a dicision/verdict/policy 使（决定，裁定，政策）转向reserve a trend 使趋势逆转reserve the car 倒车
reserve roles/position 互换角色，位置
adj.
Extremists were openly advocating violence.
极端分子公开鼓吹使用暴力。an advocate of ...的提倡者Synonyms: promote/encourage
adj.
the results were read out in reserve order= (with the worse first and the bestlast)Synonyms: upside-down/step backward
decade
n.V.
dynamic
a period of 10 years
comprise
dynamic and ambitious people 有活力有抱负的人们a dynamic and unstable process 一个动态的非静止的过程
Synonyms: vibrant
Related words: dynamically
be comprised of 包含
Synonyms: constitute/make up/consist of= be made up of = be composed of
hierarchical
adj.
simulation
n.
Hierarchical structure分级结构Related words: hierarchically
computer simulation 计算机模拟a simulation of rainforestRelated words: simulate
unique
adj.
42
A unique opportunity 极难得的机会Each person's fingerprints are unique. 每个人的指纹都输独一无二的。
The issues being generally discussed are not unique in the US.
这个被广泛讨论的问题不仅仅只在美国有。Synonyms: distinct/sole
Related words: uniquely/uniqueness
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
comprehensive
adj.
a comprehensive guide 一个综合的指导
His report was barely comprehensive. 他的演讲很难理解。
区别：My parents are understanding. 我的父母很善解人意。
A thorougth and comprehensive review 一个彻底全面的审查
Comprehensive education 全面教育Synonyms: couple
extensive/general/integrated
n.
a couple of 几个
in a couple of days 几天后
a newly married couple mode
一对新婚夫妇
n.
the most efficient mode of transport 最有效的运输方式
western modes of thoughts 西方的思维方式
No matter what kind of clothes worn by g-dragon were instaneously the mode.
无论g-dragon穿什么类型的衣服都会很快成为时尚。Synonyms:differentiate
fashion/style
v.
differentiate between区分differentiate from 从...中区分Synonyms: distinguish
Related words:eliminate
differentiation
v.
eliminate discrimination in employment 根除就业歧视be eliminated from淘汰eliminate risks 排除危险Synonyms: avoid/excludeRelated words:priority
elimination
n.
first priority 最优先
high priority=very important and needing attention soon
low priority=not important and needing attention soonin order of priority 按优先顺序排列have priority 有优先权Take priority 有优先性be given priority 优先考虑list of priorities
The Academic Word List
empirical
adj.
empirical evidence 实验性证据
the empirical world 现实的经验世界Related words:ideology
empirically
n.
a new ideology based on individualism 基于个somewhat
人主义的新的意识形态
adv.
Somewhat higher/larger 有点高/大
To say that I was surprised is somewhat of understatement.
说我当时很惊讶简直是轻描淡写了aid
。
n.
foreign aid 外国资助
humanitarian aid 人道主义援助aid programme 援助项目
with the aid of a stick 在拐杖的支撑下in aid of=in order to helpcome to sb' aid=help sba hearing aid 助听器
v.
aid somebody=help somebodySynonyms:foundation
assistance/help/facilitate
n.
lay the foundations 打下基础
The earthquake shook the foundation of the house.地震动摇了房屋的基础
a solid foundation一个坚实的基础since its foundation自从它的创办/建立Synonyms: establishment/basisRelated words: adult
founding
n.the adults 成年人
adj.
adult life 成年生活
dealing with problems in an adult way 以成熟的方法处理问题Synonyms:adaptation
mature
n.
the adaptation of the bestselling book 畅销书的改编版adaptation to the environment对环境的适应性social adaptation 社会适应性Synonyms: orientationRelated words: adapt
43
The Academic Word List
quotation
n.
Sublist 8
highlight
v.
a quotation from 一段引证give quotation for 给出报价单get quotation 索取报价单Synonyms: citationRelated words: quote
contrary
n.adj.
Your resume should highlight your skills and acievements.
你的简历应该强调你的能力和成就。
n.
on the contrary= quite the contrary恰恰相反to the contrary 相反的是
Two contrary views emerged. 两种截然相反的观点产生了。
be contrary to 与...相反
Contrary to popular belief 与盛行的说法相反Synonyms: opposite/adverse/inverse
the highlight of one's trip
旅行中最有趣，最令人愉快的部分highlight from ....的集锦
Synonyms: emphasise/emphasize, stress, reinforce
eventually
adv.
media
n.
Eventually, she got a job and moved to London. 最终她找到了工作搬到了伦敦。Synonyms: finallyAntonyms: soon
Related words: eventual
the national media 国家媒体the news media新闻媒体media interest媒体兴趣media hype 媒体炒作media circle 媒体圈
inspection
n.
successive
adj.
five successive victories 五连胜Synonyms: continuing
Related words: successively
innovation
n.
carry out an inspection 执行检查
be available for inspection = people can look at themon close/closer inspection = when look at in detail 仔细来看
However, on closer inspection, a number of problems emerged. 无论如何，仔细来看的话就有很多问题。Synonyms: examination
Related words: inspect, inspector
innovation in在某方面的创新encourage innovation鼓励创新technological innovation 技术革新Synonyms: reformationRelated words: innovative
termination
n.
prohibit
v.
the abrupt termination of ……的突然终止Synonyms: end, close, completionAntonyms: beginning, start, initiation
Related words: terminate, terminator, terminal, terminus
displacement
n.
Smoking is strictly prohibited in the factory. 工厂内严格禁止吸烟。
prohibit sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事Synonyms: discourage/blockRelated words: prohibition
isolated
adj.
The war has caused the displacement of tens of thousands of people. 战争已经导致成千上万的人们离开家园。
Synonyms: relocate, move
Related words: displace, displaceable, place, placement, replace, misplace
isolated areas 偏僻的地区feel isolated感到孤独
isolated incidence 个别事件Related words: isolation/isolate
arbitrary
adj.
an arbitrary decision 武断的决定the arbitrary arrest 恣意的拘捕
an arbitrarily chosen number 随意选取的数字Synonyms: unreasonable, whimsicalAntonyms: reasonable
Related words and phrases: baseless, irrational, unfounded
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
44
reinforce
v.
reinforce the idea/view that 加深观点/看法reinforce the determation 加强信心
Synonyms: emphasise/emphasize, stress, highlightAntonyms:denote
weaken
v.
Crosses on the map denotes the villages. 地图上的十叉是村庄的标志。Red eyes denote strain and fatigue. 眼睛发红显示紧张和疲劳。
Dark clouds denote rain. 黑云预示有雨。Synonyms: offset
balance
v.
The gains offset the losses. 收支相抵。to offset beauty against ugliness 把美和丑放在一起（以突出美）Synonyms: mean, label, stand for
Related words:exploitation
denotation, note, connotation
n.
sexual exploitation of women 对女性性别的利用
the controlled exploitation of resources 资源的限制开采
commercial exploitation 商业性开发
the exploitation of religious for political ends 利用宗教达到政治目的
Related words:detect
exploit, exploited
v.
detect a change in one's mood 察觉到某人情绪的波动detect a note of sarcasm/irony 察觉出讽刺的痕迹difficult to detect 很难察觉
Related words: abandon
detection, detector, detective, detectable
v.
abandon her own child 抛弃她自己的孩子abandon attempt 放弃尝试abandon ideas of 放弃...的想法abandon hope 放弃希望abandon ship 弃船
n.
with reckless abandon 不顾后果的放纵Related words: abandonment, abandoned
n.
Related words: disregard
The Academic Word List
random
adj.
a random sample 一个随机的例子a random selection 随意的选择at random 随便地，任意地randomly chosen 随意选择
Related words: randomly, randomness, random access memory/RAM
revision
n.
I'm making some revisions to the book for the new edition.
我正在为这本书的新版做些修改。do revision 做复习
Synonyms: amendment, editionRelated words:virtual
revise
adj.
Car ownership is a virtual necessity when you live in the country.
当你在乡村生活时，拥有一辆车真的很有必要。
The website allows you to take a virtual tour of the art gallery.
这个网站可以让你尽兴艺术展览馆的虚拟旅行。Synonyms: valid
Related words:uniform
virtually
adj.
wear school uniform 穿校服
He was on duty and in uniform. 他在值班并穿着制服my 33 years in uniform 我服役的33年Related words:predominant
uniformity
adj.
In this painting, the predominant colour is black. 在这幅画作中主导的颜色是黑色。predominant emotion 主导情绪
Related words:thereby
predominantly, predominate
adv.
thereby doing sth 由此
Our body can sweat, thereby losing heat by evaporation.我们的身体会流汗，由此会通过蒸发散热。Synonyms:implicit
hence, as a result of
adj.
implicit criticism 含蓄的批评implicit purpose 深层目标
implicit faith/trust 绝对的信心/信任Antonyms: explicit
Related words: implicitly, imply, implication, implicate
45
The Academic Word List
tension
n.
appendix
n.
reduce/ relieve/ ease tension 缓解紧张social tension 社会紧张局面
political tension 政治上的紧张局面tension between ....之间的冲突muscle tension 肌肉紧张
have one's appendix out 切除阑尾
widespread
adj.
ambiguous
adj.
ambiguously word 含糊不清地表达
vehicle
n.
the widespread use of chemicals in agriculture 农业中化学制品的广泛应用
widespread damage 大范围的损害widespread support 广泛的支持Related words: wide, spread
infrastructure
n.
The news is a poor vehicle for catharsis; 新闻不是人们宣泄情绪的恰当载体star vehicle
明星量裁（即影视剧中每位明星的角色都是量身定做）
clarity
n.
economic infrastructure 经济架构
A 65 billion investment in education, health care and infrastructure.一个在教育，卫生保健和公共建设的65亿投资。Synonyms: framework
deviation
n.
clarity of vision/purpose/thought 思路的清晰be of clarity 清晰度高
Synonyms: transparency, simplicity
Antonyms: cloudiness, muddiness, distortionRelated words: clear, clarify
conformity
n.
deviation from the normal procedure 与正常步骤的偏差
Synonyms: change, alteration, differenceAntonyms: conformity, normRelated words: deviate, deviantSee also: standard deviation
conformity for social expectations 服从社会期望we must act in conformity with local regulations. 我们必须依照当地规矩办事。Synonyms: compliance, agreement
Antonyms: difference, disobedience, nonconformityRelated words: conform
fluctuation
n.
The fluctuation in interest rate 利率的波动
Prices are subject to fluctuation. 价格有波动的趋势。Synonyms: alternate, vary, shiftRelated words: fluctuate
contemporary
adj.n.
restore
v.
contemporary arts/music/dance 当代艺术/音乐/舞蹈be contemporary with 与...同一时代的/同辈的somebody's contemporaries 某人的同时代的人Synonyms: modern
automatic
adj.
restore order 恢复秩序restore peace 恢复和平
restore confidence 恢复信心
restore to its former glory 修复到曾经的宏伟Synonyms: return, fix, bring back, rebuildAntonyms: take away, damage, withdrawRelated words: restoration
fully automatic全自动
become automatic变得自然而然Related words: automatically, automate
guideline
n.
accumulate
v.
give somebody guideline 提供指导方针follow guideline 遵循指导方针
fairly strict guideline 相当严格的准则Related words: guide, line
accumulate wealth 积累财富
let the silence accumulate for a while 让冷场持续了好一会儿
Synonyms: collection, gatheringRelated words: accumulate46
commodity
n.
agricultural commdities 农业产品
Time is a precious commodity. 时间是珍贵的有价值的东西。
Synonyms: good
京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
minimize
v.
minimize the problem of 轻视...问题
Every effort is being made to minimize civilian casualty. 尽最大的努力减少群众的伤亡。Antonyms: maximise/maximizeRelated words:practitioner
minimum, minimal
n.
medical/legal practitioner（医生/律师）从业者Related words: practice
See also: radical
general practitioner / GP
adj.
radical change 彻底的改变
a radical reform 一次彻底的变革radical differences 根本的不同
a radical left-wing politician 一个激进的左翼政治家radical ideas 激进的观点
Synonyms: extreme, revolutionary, progressive
Antonyms: conservative, traditional, standard, usualRelated words: radically, radicalnessn.
radicals 激进分子Synonyms: extremistAntonyms: conservativeRelated words: plus
radicalism
prep.3 plus 6 equals 9. 3+6=9
n.
Some knowledge of Spanish is a definite plus in this job.对于这份工作，懂些西班牙的知识很有必要。Related words: plus size
adj.
Plus points =adventage
On the plus side 好的方面是/从积极的方面看Synonyms: and, added to, overAntonyms: minus ( - )
See also: times, by ( × ), divide, into ( ), subtract, take away ( - )
visual
Adj.
Visual image 视觉图像The visual impact 视觉冲击Visual quality 视觉效果n.
the film's stunning visuals 这部电影极好的画面
The Academic Word List
chart
n.
topped the chart=was the most poular
Her new single went straight to number one in the pop charts.
她的单曲直接直奔单曲榜的第一位。Synonyms:appreciation
graph, diagram, table
n.
an appreciation of poetry and literature 对诗歌和文学的鉴赏
He was presented with a watch in appreciation to his long service.
他被赠予一只手表对于他的长期贡献。express appreciation 表达感谢
Synonyms: gratitude, understanding, gainAntonyms: depreciation, ignoranceRelated words: prospect
appreciate, appreciative
n.
There is every prospect (=a strong possibility) of the weather remaining dry this week. 这周的天气很有可能保守干燥。
real prospect 很大的可能性no prospect 没有前景
my career prospect 我事业成功的前景face the prospect 面对将要发生的事
relish the prospect of a fight 享受即将发生的战斗Related words:dramatic
prospective
adj.
dramatic events 戏剧性的事件
the dramatic scenery 激动人心的景象dramatic gesture 令人印象深刻的手势
dramatic change/improvement 显著的变化，提高dramatic increase/drop 显著的增长，下降dramatic effect contradiction
显著的影响
n.
apparent contradictions明显的矛盾fear of contradiction 担心被反驳“Permanent revolution”is a contradiction in terms.“currency
永远不变的革命”看上去是矛盾的。
n.
foreign currency 外币single currency 单一货币
The argument has received wide currency. 这个争论广泛地流行。
gain currency流行开
The idea was common currency. 这个观点很流行。Synonyms: money
Related words: current, currently
47
The Academic Word List
inevitable
adj.
schedule
n.
Disease was an inevitable consequence of poor living condition.
疾病是艰苦的生活环境必然导致的结果。One day the inevitable happened. 某一天不可避免的事发生了。
A further escalation of crisis seems inevitable now.更加严重的危机现在看上去是不可避免的了。Synonyms: unavoidably
Antonyms: avoidably, evitablely (rare)
Related words: inevitable, inevitability, evitable (rare)
complement
n.
on schedule=at the planned time
ahead of /behind schedule=before/after the planned time
How can he fit everything into his busy schedule?
他怎么能在他繁忙的日程中把所有事都做得那么好？
I'm going to be working to a very tight schedule.（=including a lot of things that must be done in a short time）
我将会在紧凑的日程中工作。Synonyms: plan
v.
This wine would be a nice complement to grilled dishes. 这种红酒正好配烧烤。
Full complement足够的补充物
accompany
v.
be scheduled for 将在....（时间）举行scheduled date 预定日期
be scheduled for release/publication 预定发行，出版Synonyms: plan
Related words: scheduler
The disease is accompanied by sneezing and fever.这种疾病伴随着打喷嚏和发烧。
Wherever her husband went, she would accompany him.
无论她丈夫去哪儿，她都会跟着。Related words: accompaniment
intensity
n.
paragraph
n.
He spoke with great intensity. 他紧张地说话。
The intensity of hurricane was frightening. 飓风的强度令人恐惧。
Related words: intense, intensive, intensify
crucial
adj.
the opening paragraphs of the novel 小说的开始部分
induce
v.
be crucial to 对...很重要
be of crucial importance 非常重要Synonyms: important, key, chief, leading
Nothing would induce me to vote for him again. 我再也不会给他投票了。induce labour 引导分娩Synonyms: cause
Related words: induction, inductive, inducement
via
Prep.
We flew to Athens via Paris. 我们经由巴黎去雅典。You can access our homepage via the Internet. 你可以通过网络进入我们的主页。
exhibit
v.
His paintings have been exhibited all over the world. 他的画作在全世界展览。exhibit symptoms 表现出症状
n.
a big exhibit一个大型的展览Synonyms: exhibition
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京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
bias
n.
political/gender/racial bias 政治，性别，种族偏见Students were evaluated without bias. 学生被给予客观公正的评价。
bias against/towards/in favor of 针对...的偏见
Linda has a strong artistic bias. Linda对艺术有很强的偏爱。
Synonyms: prejudice, diagonal
v.
Several factors could have biased the results of the study.
一些因素可能会影响研究的结果。Synonyms: prejudiceRelated words:manipulate
biased
v.
manipulate people 操纵人们
manipulate sb into doing sth 控制某人做某事easy to manipulate 易于操作
people who can manipulate you能左右你的人Synonyms: control, handling
Related words: theme
manipulation, manipulative
n.
theme park主题公园theme party主题聚会
recurrent theme = a theme that appears repeatedlyvariations on the same theme 同种主题下的变更/变奏
Synonyms: topic, thesis
Related words:nuclear
thematic, theme park, theme song
n.
nuclear family 只有一个孩子的家庭nuclear energy 核能源nuclear holocaust
= a nuclear war that destorys much of the Earth大规模的核毁灭
a nuclear testing area 核试验地区
The Academic Word List
Sublist 9
bulk
noun.
the bulk of 大多数in bulk 大批，大量
Synonyms: majority, mass, gross
verb.
bulk out 使扩大
Synonyms: enlarge, expand
Related words:behalf
bulkhead, bulky, bulk up
n.
on behalf of everyone 代表所有人on one's behalf 由于某人
Related words: on behalf, in behalf
unified
adj.
a unified approach 一个统一的方法Antonyms: divide, split, fragmentRelated words: commence
unit, unification
v.
commence with 以...开始
commence doing sth 开始做某事
Work will commence on the new building immediately. 工作将立即从新大楼着手。Synonyms: begin, startAntonyms: end, stop
Related word:erosion
commencement
n.
the problem of soil erosion 土壤侵蚀的问题the gradual erosion of our civil liberties 对我们公民自由的逐步削弱
Related words:anticipate
erode, erosive, erosional
v.
It is anticipate that … 可以预期的是……
anticipate problems/difficulties 预料问题，困难Sales are better than anticipated.销量比预期的好。Synonyms: expect, look forward to
Related words:minimal
anticipation, anticipatory
adj.
minimal damage 最小限度的损害a minimal amount of 很少量的Antonyms: maximal
Related words: minimum, minimally, minimise/minimize
49
The Academic Word List
cease
v.
manual
adj.
cease to do sth 停止做某事
never cease to amaze me =I am always surprised by them
The rain ceased and the sky cleared. 雨停了天放晴啦Synonyms: stop, halt, end, finish, terminateAntonyms: continueRelated words: cessation
vision
n.
low-paid manual jobs 报酬少的体力工作manual search 人工检索
manual dexterity 手工的灵巧度
People in manual occupations have a lower life expectancy.
从事体力劳动的人平均寿命更短。Antonyms: automatic, blue collarRelated words: manually
noun.
tears blurred her vision (=made it difficult for her to see)泪水模糊了她的视线
at the edge of one's vision 在视野的边缘a clear vision 清晰的视野
outline the vision for the future 勾勒出未来的样子breadth of vision 视野的宽度
My vision is so clear. 我的视力很好。
Synonyms: sight, foresight, imagination, forethought
computer manual 计算机指南user manual 使用指南
supplementary
n.
mutual
adj.
supplementary information 补充的信息Synonyms: additional, extraAntonyms: basic, integral
Related words: supplement, supplementation
incompatible
adj.
The two men were a mutual admiration society, gushing about how much they were learning from each other. 这两个男人互相吹捧，夸张地赞扬他们从对方身上学到了多少。
mutual support 互相支持mutual agreement 双方协定
We discovered a mutual interest in drama. 我们发现了在戏剧方面共同的爱好。Synonyms: common, reciprocal
Related words: mutually, mutual fund
mutually incompatible 互相矛盾
be incompatible with 与...相矛盾/不兼容Antonyms: compatible
Related words: incompatibility
concurrent
adj.
norm
My opinions are concurrent with yours. 我的观点与你的一致。run concurrently 同时实行Synonyms: simultaneous
Related words: concurrently, currently, current
n.
Joyce's style of writing was a striking departure from the literary norm. Joyce的写作风格和书面规范相去甚远。below the norm 在标准之下
the norms of civilized society 文明社会的规范Synonyms: standard, model, averageRelated words: normal
ethical
adj.
intermediate
adj.noun.
at the intermediate level 在中等阶段an intermediate stage 在中间期
beginners and intermediates 初学者和中级学习者Synonyms: intermediary, mediator
ethical standards 道德规范ethical investment 道德投资
The use of animals in specific tests raise difficult ethical questions.
在特定试验中使用动物导致的了难以解决的伦理问题。
Synonyms: good, right
Antonyms: unethical, immoral
Related words: ethic, ethics, ethicallySee also: moral
preliminary
adj.n.
preliminary stage 初期阶段a preliminary draft 草案初稿the usual preliminaries 通常的准备in the preliminaries 预赛中
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京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
integral
adj:
integral part 主要的部分
Statistics are integral part of medical research. 统计资料是医学研究的重要部分。Synonyms: basic, necessary, essential
Antonyms: separate, distinct, supplementaryRelated words: integrate, integrally
noun:
Antonyms:converse
derivative
v.converse with sb = communicate with sbadj.
a converse example 一个相反的例子
n.
Some teachers welcomed the change, but for the majority of teachers, the converse is true.
一些老师欢迎变革，但是对大多数老师却持相反的观点。
Antonyms: similar
Related words: relax
conversely
v.
Relax! Everything is fine. 放轻松！一切都好。relax rules/regulations 宽松政策relax your concentration confine
放松精神
v.
confine somebody to do 限制某人做某事
Tom is confined to a wheelchair. TOM只能坐在轮椅上。She is confined to bed with flu. 她由于流感卧病在床。We'll confine our discussion to the main issuse. 我们将只讨论主要问题。Synonyms: limitAntonyms: free
Related words: accommodation
confined, confining, confinement, confines
n.
rented accommodation租用的住所secure accommodation安全的住所student accommodation学生宿舍reach accommodation达成和解Synonyms: agreement
Related words: accommodate, accommodating
The Academic Word List
temporary
adj.
temporary work 暂时的工作
She was employed on a temporary basis. 她以临时工的身份被录用。
temporary accommodation 临时住所temporary measure 暂时的措施Antonyms: permanent
Related words:distort
temporariness
v.
Tall buildings can distort radio signals. 高大的建筑物会使广播信号失真。
His account was badly distorted by the press. 他的报道被报纸扭曲报道了。
An expensive subside will distorts the market. 昂贵的补助会扭曲市场。Synonyms: twist
Related words:passive
distortion, distorted
adj.
take a passive role 做一名被动者passive acceptance 被动的接受Antonyms: active, aggressive
Related words: subordinate
passively, passivity, passiveness
adj.
a subordinate officer 副指挥be subordinate to 从属于Synonyms: minor, lesser, lower
Antonyms: major, main, dominant, upper, superordinateSee also: subordinate clause
n.
a great subordinate一个很好的助手Antonyms: superior, boss
verb.
subordinate to 使成为次要Related words:analogous
subordination
adj.
be analogous with = be similar withSynonyms: similar, comparableRelated words:military
analogy, analogously
adj.
military action 军事行动military force 军事力量military service 服军役
noun.
join the military 参军military service
See also: army, navy, air force, marines
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The Academic Word List
scenario
n.
mature
adj.
imagine a scenario 设想一个情况a possible scenario 一个可能的设想
worst-case/nightmare scenario = the worst possible situation
Related words: scene
revolution
n.
be mature enough 足够成熟
She is mature for her age. 以她的年龄而言，她很成熟了。
fully mature 完全成熟
on mature reflection/consideration 经过慎重的考虑Synonyms: adult, ripe
Antonyms: immature, childish
verb.
a revolution in 在某方面的改革social revolution 社会革命
the French Revolution 法国大革命Synonyms: revolt, rebellionRelated words: revolve
diminish
v.
diminish sb 贬低某人
diminish the importance of 降低某事的重要性
The party's share of electorate has diminished steadily. 这个政党的选区越来越小。Synonyms: shrink, lessen, shortenAntonyms: grown, increase, rise
Related words: diminishable, diminishment
She has matured into a fine writer. 她已经成长为一名很出色的作家。
He has matured a lot since he left home. 他离家以后长大了很多。Synonyms: grow, progressAntonyms: regress
Related words: maturation, maturational
assurance
n.
coherence
n.
give/seek/receive an assurance 给予/寻群/接受保证say with assurance 信誓旦旦地说
Related words: assure, assured, assuredly, reassure, reassured, reassuring, reassuringly, reassurance, sure, ensure, insure, life assurance
An overall coherence will help to give your essay coherence.
一个大体的主题会让你的文章更有连贯性。He had a coherence of outlook and idea. 他的观点和想法具有逻辑上的连贯性。Synonyms: cohesionAntonyms: incoherence
Related words: coherent, cohere
rigid
adj.
rigid and authoritirian methods of education 死板而又专制的教育方法
rigid adherence to old-fashioned ideas 严格的遵守古板的想法a rigid person 一个刻板的人
controversy
n.
suspend
v.
Talks between the two countries has now been suspected.
两个国家之间的对话暂时终止了。be suspended from job 被停职了
A large light was suspended from the ceilling. 一个大吊灯挂在了天花板上。Synonyms: hang, interruptAntonyms: continue, restart
Related words: suspension, suspender
the controversy surrounding his theories 关于他提出理论的争论
cause/provoke/arouse controversy 引起争论controversy arouse over 关于……引起争论
sphere
n.
television's increasing role in the political sphere 在政治圈中电视媒体越来越重要的低位
the sphere of international politics. …国际政治领域。
mediate
v.
mediate disputes 调解争端
Exercises may mediate the effects of a bad diet. 身体锻炼可以调节不良饮食的影响。
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京津地区最强悍师资，病态地追求教学效果
format
n.
a large-format book 一个大开本的书the format of the program 节目的程式
verb.
format a disk 格式化磁盘Related words: trigger
reformat
noun.squeeze the trigger 紧握扳机Synonyms: switch, cause, reasonverb.
trigger responses 引发反响trigger the alarm 敲响警钟Synonyms:qualitative
switch, cause, reason
adj.
a qualitative analysis/study/search 一个定性的分析，研究
Related words:portion
quality
noun:
generous portions=large portionsmajor portion 主要部分
significant/substantial portion 重要部分
verb:
She was portioned with sorrow throughout her life. 她命中注定一辈子受苦。
The conquered territories were portioned out among the victors.
被征服的领土在胜利者之间被均分了。Synonyms: medium
apportion
adj.medium heat 中火
medium to large companies 中型到大型的公司n.
Advertising is a powerful medium. 广告是强有力的媒介。
medium of instruction 教学媒介
a good growing medium for tomatoes 西红柿良好的生长环境
coincide
v.
coincide with 符合，与...一致
The kids' views on life don't always coincide, but they're not afraid of voicing their opinions.
孩子们的生活观未必总是一致，但是他们不怕表达自己的观点。Our views coincide.
我们的看法完全一致。Related words: coincidence
The Academic Word List
violation
n.
human rights violation 人权侵犯
a violation of internation laws 对国际法律的触犯Synonyms: crime, trespassRelated words: violate, violator
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The Academic Word List
Sublist 10
whereby
adv.
albeit
adv.
The company operates an arrangement whereby employees may select any 8-hour period between 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. to go to work.
该公司做出了一种安排，据此员工可以在上午6点到晚上8点之间任意选择8个小时去上班。
He accepted the job, albeit with some hesitation.尽管很犹豫，他还是接受了这份工作。Synonyms: although, even though, thoughSee also: qualify
enormous
adj.
inclination
n.
nature inclination 本来的意向show inclination 表现出意向
have the time or the inclination to do sth 有时间或者意向去做某事
an inclination to do sth 有意向做某事inclination towards
He is a teacher by occupation but a philosopher by inclination.
他的职业是教师，但他的本心是成为哲学家。Synonyms: tendency, whim, slant
an enormous bunch of flowers 一大束花an enormous amount of money 很多很多钱The team made an enormous effort. 这个团队做出了巨大的努力。
Synonyms: huge, gigantic, tremendous, great
reluctant
adj.
She gave a reluctant smile. 她尴尬地笑了。Maddox was reluctant to talk about it. Maddox不太情愿谈起那件事。Synonyms: hesitant, unwillingAntonyms: eager, enthusiastic
encounter
noun;
pose
noun:
first encounter 初次见面
a chance encounter=a meeting that happened by chance
a close encounter with a snake
(=a frightening situation in which you get too close to something)
Related words: close encounter
v.
struck a pose =stood or sat in a particular position 摆出姿势
Her confidence was merely a pose to hide her uncertainty.
她的自信的样子只是为了隐藏她的不确定。
verb:
encounter problems/difficulties 遇到问题困难encounter sb 遇见某人
pose a threat/danger 造成威胁，危险pose problems 造成问题
We posed for photographs. 我们为照相摆姿势。pose a question 提出问题
convince
v.
persistent
adj.
convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事convince sb of sth使某人确信convince sb that 使某人确信Synonyms: persuade, assure
Related words: convincing, convinced
persistent offenders (=people who often break the law)persistent rumours 持久的留言persistent headaches 持久的头痛a persistent problem 一个长久的问题persistent rain 一场大雨
assembly
n.
undergo
v.
public assemblies 公共集会
Restrictions on freedom of assembly have gradually been relaxed.
对集会自由的限制逐渐宽松。
an assembly point (=a place where people go in a particular situation)
Related words: assemble, assembler, assemblage
undergo changes 经历变故undergo treatment 接受治疗undergo tests忍受考试undergo training 接受训练
adv.
notwithstanding
Notwithstanding differences, there are clear similarities in all of the world's religions. 尽管有不同，但是世界上的各种宗教都有很明显的相似点。
See also: despite, nevertheless, nonetheless
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straightforward
adj.
far from straightforward (=complicated).Synonyms: panel
clear, simple
noun:
panel of experts 专家小组the panel odd
陪审团
adj.
but the odd thing is 但是奇怪的是odd-looking奇怪的样子
There was something odd about him. 他这人有点奇怪。The odd occasion/day=occasionally
Synonyms: strange, abnormal, unusual, weird, occasionalAntonyms: normal, usual, evenRelated words: intrinsic
oddness, oddly
adj.
Intrinsic interest 内在价值内在趣味Intrinsic nature 内在的特性Synonym:compile
inherent
v.
The report was compiled from a survey of 5000 households.
这份报告是从对5000个家庭的调查中整理出来的。Related words: adjacent
compilation
adj.
We stayed in adjacent rooms. 我们呆在旁边的房间。the building adjacent to the library 挨着图书馆的建筑物
adjoining
adj.
A vacant plot of land adjoins his house.临近他家的一块空地adjoining rooms integrity
相邻房间
n.
the territorial integrity of the country 国家领土的完整a man of great moral integrity一个有节操的人
The Academic Word List
forthcoming
adj.
the forthcoming elections 即将到来的选举
Keep an eye on the noticeboards for forthcoming events.
留意一下公告牌公示的将要发生的事。She's not a very forthcoming kind of girl. 她不是善于交际的那一种女孩。
IBM is usually pretty forthcoming about the markets for its products.
IBM公司通常都很乐于向市场提供它们的产品信息。Synonyms: conceive
upcoming
v.
Cconceive of 设想，想象Conceive what/why/how
Language may be conceived of as a process which arises from social interaction.
语言可以被设想成增强社会互动的过程。conceived the idea of 构想Synonyms: visualize
Related words:ongoing
ill-conceived
adj.
Their ongoing search for a new director 他们对于新主管的持续调查
ongoing negotiations 不间断的谈判
The discussions are still ongoing. 讨论仍然在继续。Synonyms: continuing
Antonyms: So-calledpunctuated, sporadic
So-called experts那些号称专家的人
likewise
adv.
do likewise 照样做
Adv.
nonetheless
The region was extremely beautiful. Nonetheless Gerard could not imagine spending the rest of his life there.
这个地方非常漂亮。尽管如此，Gerard还是不能想象在此度过晚年。Synonyms: levy
nevertheless
verb:
levy a tax/fine征税，罚款Synonyms: charge, tax, dutyImpose a levy on 在某方面征税
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The Academic Word List
invoke
v.
invoke the memory of 勾起人们...的回忆invoke a law 援用一项法律
a painting that invokes images of the Rocky Mountains一幅能让人想起落基山脉的画作
colleague
n.
a colleague of mine 我的一位同事
She discussed the idea with some of her colleagues. 她和几位同事一起讨论这些想法。Related words: collegial, collegialitySee also: college
depression
n.
post-natal depression
(=that sometimes happens after the birth of a baby)in deep depression.处于极度抑郁中economic depression 经济不景气
Related words: depress, depressed, depressing
collapse
verb:
The roof had collapsed long ago. 这个房顶很早就坍塌了。
He collapsed with a heart attack while he was dancing. 他正在跳舞时由于心脏病突发倒下了。
There were fears that property prices would collapse. 很多人担心财产的价值下跌。Related words: collapsible
noun:
the threat of economic collapse 经济衰退的威胁His business was in danger of collapse. 他的生意面临失败的危险
the collapse of the Soviet Union 前苏联的解体
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