Unit 8 The Great Minds
The Great Minds
名人名言部分补充make A of B
A famous quote
A pessimist makes difficulties of his opportunities; an optimist makes opportunities of his difficulties. ----Harry S. Truman
悲观者让机会沦为困难；乐观者把困难铸成机会。 ----杜鲁门
make A of B
make a success of one's career
make a musician of the little boy
The father exposed his son to music when he was still a little child becaused he wanted to make a musician of him.
expose sb. / oneself to sth.
Don't expose yourself to the strong sunlight, or you will get sunburnt.
联想：sunburnt / suntanned
gain exposure to sth.
make a footballer of Tom
make a mess of the account
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. wrap v. 用…缠绕（或围紧）
2. scenario n. 设想；方案；预测
3. explanation n. 解释；说明
explain
explanatory
4. uneventful adj. 平淡无奇的；平凡的；缺乏刺激的
5. pregnancy n. 怀孕；妊娠；孕期
6. imperfect adj. 有缺陷的；不完全的；不完美的
perfect
perfection
联想：impossible, impolite, imbalanced, immobile, immature （注意：unbiased, unmoving）
7. abnormal adj. 不正常的；反常的；变态的；畸形的
normal
联想：typical-atypical
symmetry-asymmetry
symmetrical-asymmetrical
8. massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的
9. disability n.（某种）缺陷，障碍
able
ability
unable
10. limbless adj. 无四肢的
11. inspire v. 激励；鼓舞（用法参考Unit 5, Text A）
inspiration （形近词参考Unit 4，Text A）
inspiring
12. adapt v. 适应（新情况）
adapt oneself to sth.
13. accomplish v. 完成
14. limb n. 肢；臂；腿
15. campaign 运动（为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动）
16. fulfill v. 实现；履行
fulfill one's dream / word / requirement
fulfilling使人满足的，令人愉快的
fulfillment 履行；满足；成就
17. motivational adj. 鼓舞的
18. circumstance n. 命运；客观环境
19. wholeheartedly adv. 全心全意地
20. effective adj. 产生预期结果的；有效的
比较：efficient
ineffective, inefficient
21. altitude n. 海拔；海拔高度
altitude sickness
区分：attitude
22. engagement n. 约定；约会；预约
23. congregation n. （教堂的）会众
24. audience n. 观众；听众
25. vision n. 想象力；眼力；远见卓识
26. outreach n. 外展服务
27. perspective n. 态度；观点；思考方法
28. cease v. （使）停止，终止，结束
29. obstacle n. 障碍；阻碍；绊脚石
30. illustrate v. （用示例、图画等）说明，解释
31. profound adj. 巨大的；深切的；深远的
32. persistence n. 坚持；锲而不舍
persist (in)
persistent
33. paralyze v. 使瘫痪；使麻痹
34. oftentimes adv. 常常
35. trick n. 戏法；把戏
tricky
36. blend n. （不同事物的）和谐结合，融合
37. perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神（偶见perseverence，但很少使用）
persevere
perseverant （偶见perseverent，但很少使用）
38. define v. 阐明；明确；界定
definition
definite 明确的，确定的
39. incredible adj. 不能相信的；难以置信的
unbelievable
40. captivate v. 迷住；使着迷
Phrases and Expressions
1. a walk of life 行业；职业；地位；阶层
line of work
2. major in 主修
3. stress the importance of 强调…的重要性
4. at one's disposal 任某人处理；供某人任意使用
5. poke fun at 拿…开心；奚落；嘲笑
6. show off 炫耀；卖弄
II. Text Learning
Life Without Limits
① Imagine being born without arms. No arms to wrap around someone, no hands to experience touch, or to hold another hand with. Or what about being born without legs? Having no ability to dance, walk, run, or even stand on two feet. Now put both of those scenarios（设想） together: no arms and no legs. What would you do? How would that effect your everyday life?
② Born in 1982 in Melbourne, Australia, without any medical explanation or warning, Nicholas Vujicic came into the world with neither arms nor legs. (1)Having had an uneventful pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition, imagine the shock his parents felt when they saw their first born, brand
new baby boy, only to find he was what the world would consider imperfect and abnormal. How would their son live a normal happy life? What could he ever do or
become when living with what the world would see as such a massive disability（严重残疾）? (2)Little did they or anyone know that this beautiful limbless baby would one day be someone who would inspire and motivate people from all walks of life, touching lives all over the world.
本部分重点及难点：
1. Having had an uneventful（平凡的）pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition, imagine the shock his parents felt when they saw their first born, brand new baby boy, only to find he was what the world would consider imperfect and abnormal.
(1) 悬垂分词。建议换成：Having had an uneventful pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition, his parents felt great shock when they saw …. Can you imagine the shock?
以下是可以接受的悬垂分词形式：
Strictly speaking, nobody is allowed in here.
Judging from his accent, he must be from the South.
经常这样用的分词(分词词组)有：frankly (broadly, generally, strictly…) speaking,
judging from / by…,talking about…,speaking of…等。
某些句子中作状语的分词的逻辑主语虽然不是句子的主语，但可能是句中的另外某一成分，对这样的句子也可以不认为是\"悬垂分词\"。课文中的这个句子属于这种情况。再如：
Seeing her health sinking rapidly, alarm clutched the father's heart. 她父亲看到她健康迅速恶化，很是惊慌。
切记：该结构应慎用。
(2) only to find…不定式表示结果。不定式表结果时通常前面需要加only,表示出乎意料的不希望看到的结果。例如：
They rushed to the cinema, only to find the tickets left at home.
They hurried back home, only to find the door locked.
They went to the hospital without any delay, only to be told their beloved grandpa had already passed away.
(3) what the world would consider作插入语
(4) 译文：在经历了一段平静无事的孕期，而且没有任何家族病史预示的情况下，我们可以想象得到当时他的父母看到这个刚出生的小男孩时会是多么地震惊，只知道他就是世人所说的缺陷和不正常。
2. Little did they or anyone know that this beautiful limbless baby would one day be someone who would inspire and motivate people from all walks of life, touching lives all over the world.
(1) 否定词放在句首句子倒装，如rarely, seldom, in no case, by no means, little, hardly等。
(2) who would inspire and motivate people from all walks of life定语从句，先行词是someone。
(3) touching lives all over the world 现在分词作状语，修饰inspire and motivate people。
(4) 译文：当时他们不知道而且也没有任何一个人知道，这个漂亮的无手足的小男孩有一天会启发激励社会各阶层的人，并且感动全世界的人们。
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】16. He returned to work after recovery from his illness, _______ another employee had taken his place.
• A． only to tell
• B． only to be told
• C． only to be telling
• D． to be told
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查不定式表示结果。不定式表结果时通常前面需要加only，表示出乎意料的不希望看到的结果。本句的意思是\"他生病痊愈返回了工作岗位，结果却被告知另一个雇员接替了他的岗位\"，故选B。
【知识点】不定式表示结果
③ As Nick grew up he learned to deal with his disability and started to be able to do more and more things on his own. He adapted to his situation and found ways to accomplish tasks that most people could only do by using their limbs, such as cleaning teeth, brushing hair, typing on a computer, swimming, playing sports, and much more. As time went by, Nick began to embrace his situation and achieve greater things.（承上启下句） In grade seven Nick was elected captain of his school and worked with the student council（学生会）on various fund-raising events for local charities and disability campaigns.
④ After school Nick went on with further study and obtained a double bachelor degree majoring in accounting and financial planning. By the age of 19, Nick started to fulfill his dream of encouraging others by sharing his story through motivational speaking（励志演讲）. He found the purpose of his existence, and also the purpose of his circumstance. Nick wholeheartedly believes that there is a purpose in each of the struggles we encounter in our lives and that our
attitude towards those struggles can be the single most effective factor in overcoming them.
⑤ Now at 27 years old, this limbless young man has accomplished more than most people even twice his age. Nick recently made the massive move from Brisbane, Australia to California, USA, where he is the president of an international non-profit organization（非盈利组织）, and also has his own motivational speaking company, Attitude Is Altitude. Since his first
motivational speaking engagement（演讲）back when he was 19, Nick has traveled around the world, sharing his story with millions of people, speaking to a range of different groups such as students, teachers, youth, business men and women, entrepreneurs, and church congregations of all sizes. People ask Nick, \"How can you smile?\" (3)Then they realize there's got to be something more to life than meets the eye if a guy without arms and legs is living a fuller life.
本部分重点及难点：
3. Then they realize there's got to be something more to life than meets the eye if a guy without arms and legs is living a fuller life.
(1) There is something to / in sth. ……有意义，有道理
(2) live a full life 生活充实
(3) 译文：接着他们意识到，如果一个没有四肢的人过得比普通人更充实，那么人生
的含义必定超出了我们目光所及的范畴。
⑥ Nick shares with his audiences the importance of vision and dreaming big. Using his own experiences in worldwide outreach as examples, he challenges others to examine their perspective and look beyond their circumstances. (4)He shares his view of ceasing to see obstacles as problems, but instead begin to see them as opportunities to grow and reach out to others. (5)He stresses the importance of our attitude being the most powerful tool we have at our disposal and illustrates how the choices we make can have a profound effect on our lives and the lives of those around us. (6)Nick shows through his own life that the major keys in fulfilling our biggest dreams are persistence and choosing to embrace failure as a learning experience, rather than allowing the guilt and fear of failure to paralyze us.
本部分重点及难点：
4. He shares his view of ceasing to see obstacles as problems, but instead begin to see them as opportunities to grow and reach out to others.
(1) cease to do sth. 停止做某事，不再做某事
(2) see…as…: look on / upon …as, view…as, regard…as
(3) reach out to 伸手以抓到、触到或拿到某物
We must reach out to those in need. 我们应该伸出援手，去帮助有困难的人。
本句reach out to others意为\"求助于某人\"
(4) 译文：他与大家一起分享停止把阻碍看作是麻烦、困难，相反，应该把它们看作是自身成长并接触他人向他人学习的机会。
5. He stresses the importance of our attitude being the most powerful tool we have at our disposal and illustrates how the choices we make can have a profound effect on our lives and the lives of those around us.
(1) at our disposal任某人处理；供某人任意使用
disposal是dispose的名词形式，意为\"支配，处理\"。
联想：al为名词后缀，再如：arrive-arrival, survive-survival, approve-approval, disapprove-disapproval, dismiss-dismissal, deny-denial, refuse-refusal等。
(2) have a profound effect on sth. 对……产生深远的影响
(3) 译文：他强调态度是我们可以支配的最强大的工具，阐明了我们作出的选择如何对我们自身乃至周围人的生活产生深远的影响。
6. Nick shows through his own life that the major keys in fulfilling our biggest dreams are persistence and choosing to embrace failure as a learning experience, rather than allowing the guilt and fear of failure to paralyze us.
(1) through his own life作状语，修饰show。show的宾语是由that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的主干是the major keys are persistence and choosing to … , rather than allowing…。
(2) embrace failure as a learning experience 欢迎失败，把它看成是学习的体验
(3) rather than 相当于instead of \"而不是\"
(4) rather than allowing the guilt and fear of failure to paralyze us 而不是被失败和恐惧所打倒
(5)译文：尼克用他的人生来告诉我们实现远大梦想最关键的就是坚持不懈和选择拥抱失败，把它看作是一次学习的机会，而非容忍失败带来的内疚和恐惧使我们瘫痪、麻痹。
⑦ How does Nick Vujicic feel about his disability now? He accepts it, embraces it and oftentimes pokes fun at his own circumstance as he shows off his many tricks. He meets challenges with his special blend of humor, perseverance and faith, always encouraging those around him to examine their perspective as they develop and define their vision. (7)Using those new definitions he challenges each person he meets to make changes in their lives so that they can begin the path to fulfilling their biggest dreams. (8)Through his amazing ability to connect with people from all walks of life and his incredible sense of humor that captivates children, teens and adults alike, Nick is a truly inspirational motivational speaker.
本部分重点及难点：
7. Using those new definitions he challenges each person he meets to make changes in their lives so that they can begin the path to fulfilling their biggest dreams.
(1) using those new definitions 分词作状语
(2) challenge sb. to do sth. 刺激某人做某事
(3) begin the path to fulfilling their biggest dreams 开始踏上实现人生梦想的征程
(4) 译文：采用这些新的定义，尼克鼓励每个人勇于面对并改变生活，以便他们开始完成人生梦想的征程。
8. Through his amazing ability to connect with people from all walks of life and his incredible sense of humor that captivates children, teens and adults alike, Nick is a truly inspirational motivational speaker.
(1) 句子的主干是Nick is a truly inspirational motivational speaker.。through…作状语
(2) alike: adv. in the same way 同样地
例如：treat everybody exactly alike 一视同仁
The climate here is always hot, summer and winter alike.
his incredible sense of humor that captivates children, teens and adults alike 他惊人的幽默感令孩子、青少年和成年人都着迷
(3) 译文：通过与人们沟通的惊人能力和令人难以置信的幽默，尼克深受孩子、青少年和成年人的喜爱，尼克成了真正的使人倍受鼓舞的演说家。
III. 部分练习讲解
P256 Bridging the Gap
Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.
解题方法：把词分类
动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词 连词
mark mark confused intentionally as opposed to even if
confused potential likely
known potential
called upon natural
Gifts are those talents and abilities that flow almost effortlessly from us. Gifts are sometimes 1 confusedwith skills. While skills can be developed, gifts are something we are born with - they are what we discover as we try new things and find that some things are as2 naturalto us as breathing.
When we 3 intentionallymake a decision to create our life and work based on our gifts, we're not only more 4 likelyto succeed, but can also more thoroughly enjoy the journey toward creating and realizing our full 5 potential .
Take inventory of（评估） your life to determine where you are utilizing learned and developed skills 6 as opposed toexpressing and honoring your innate（与生俱来的）gifts. Are you operating based on what you think you \"ought\" to be doing or are you living an authentic life that is rich and fulfilling?
7 Even ifyou are not in a place to pursue a new career based on your gifts, look for ways to make your gifts 8 known to others and demonstrate them in as many areas of your life as possible. The more your gifts are 9 called upon, the more naturally you will fully accept and promote those gifts. The more you express your life through your innate gifts, the more you will excel. It's a
beautifully self-perpetuating（能使自身永久存在的）process once you make the decision to begin.
Your gifts are your signature, your unique paintbrushes - use them to express
your greatness and make your greatness and make your 10 markon the world!
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. revolution n. 巨变；大变革
2. unwed adj. 未婚的
3. adoption n. 收养；领养
4. unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地
fortune
misfortune
fortunate
unfortunate
5. relent v. 终于答应；不再拒绝
6. recall v. 记起；回忆起；回想起
7. debut v. 使（新产品）面世；首次广告推广
8. production n. 生产：制造；制作
produce
producer
productive
product
9. possession n. 具有；拥有
10. calculator n. 计算器
11. orchard n. 果园
12. sag v. 减弱；减少
13. competition n. 竞争；角逐（参考Unit 4，Text A相关词）
compete
competitor
competitive
14. successive adj. 连续的；接连的；相继的
succeed
succeed in (doing) sth.
successor
successful
15. insanely adv. 十分；非常；疯狂地
16. cofound v. 共同建立
co-existence
a co-ed school
cooperate
cohabitation
17. bitter adj. 激烈而不愉快的；充满愤怒与仇恨的
18. recruit v. 吸收（新成员）
19. punch v. 拳打；以拳痛击
20. publicly adv. 公开地
21. heartbreaking adj. 令人心碎的
22. episode n. （人生的）一段经历；（小说的）片段，插曲
23. instant adj. 立即的；立刻的
24. billionaire n. 巨富；亿万富翁
25. immense adj. 极大的；巨大的
immensity
26. convince v. 说服，劝说（某人做某事）
convince sb. of sth. / that…
convincing
27. foundation n. 基本原理；根据；基础
lay a solid foundation for sth.
28. catalyst n. 催化剂
28. comeback n. 复出；重返；再度受欢迎
29. initially adv. 开始；最初；起初
30. interim n. 暂时的：过渡的
31. profitability n. 盈利能力
profit
profitable
32. introduce v. 推行；实施；采用
introduction
introductive / introductory 介绍的，引导的
33. innovation n. 创造；创新；改革
innovate
innovative
Phrases and Expressions
1. biological mother 生母
2. meet one's expectations 符合某人的期望
3. drop out 退学；辍学
4. in memory of 作为对…的纪念
5. dwell on 老是想着（尤指最好忘记的事）；一直说……
6. turn out 原来是；证明是；结果是
II. Text Learning
An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs
1 Steve Jobs is a man who has great courage and dares to take risks. He may not be perfect but he pulled together the most fantastic act by overcoming Microsoft, the movie industry and the music business. Jobs followed his dream and led a revolution in the computing world.
2 Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. His
biological mother was an unwed graduate student named Joanne Simpson and decided to put him up for adoption. (1)Joanne had a college education, and she insisted that the future parents of her boy be just as well educated. Unfortunately, the candidates, Paul and Clara Jobs, did not meet
her expectations: Clara didn't graduate from college and Paul only attended high school. When she found out that both his future parents had never graduated from college, she refused to sign the adoption papers. She only relented a few months later and agreed to have her baby adopted by them, under the firm condition that they would send him to college.
本部分重点及难点：
1. Joanne had a college education, and she insisted that the future parents of her boy bejust as well educated.
当谓语动词是\"一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求\"时，即insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, demand, request, require, ask以及desire, recommend, prefer, decide, urge等词时，从句谓语用should+动词原形。
We suggest that he be present at the meeting in time.
His painful expression suggested that he was ill at ease.
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】17. From the anxious expression on his face, we can clearly see his strong desire that his mother ______ from the major illness soon.
• A． recovers
• B． recover
• C． will recover
• D． has recovered
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。desire后的从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词为\"should+动词原形\"，should通常省略。本句的意思是\"从他脸上焦急的表情，我们可以很清楚地看到他希望母亲从这场大病中快速痊愈的强烈愿望。\"
【知识点】虚拟语气
3 Steve Jobs went to college but decided to drop out because it was too expensive. Recalling his time there he said, \"I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5 cents deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.\"
4 At 20, Steve Jobs and a friend (Steve Wozniak) started a company in a garage
on April 1, 1976. Later that year, they debuted the Apple I and a local store offered to buy 50 machines. To finance the production, they had to sell their most expensive possessions. Jobs sold his Volkswagen van while Wozniak sold his Hewlett-Packard scientific calculator. Steve Jobs named their company Apple, in memory of a happy summer he had spent as an orchard worker in Oregon.
5 By 1982, however, his company sales sagged in the face of competition from IBM's new PC. (2)Not wanting to dwell on successive failures, they worked on a new machine called the Macintosh. By 1986, the Mac, which Steve Jobs promised
to be \"insanely great,\" was a huge success. After 10 years, starting from 2 kids working in a garage, Apple computer had grown into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees.
6 At 30, Steve Jobs, however, was fired from the company he cofounded with Steve Wozniak. He left the company after losing a bitter battle over control with Apple's CEO John Sculley, whom Jobs had recruited from Pepsi Cola. When Steve Jobs heard of the message he said, \"You've probably had somebody punch you in the stomach and it knocks the wind out of you and you cannot breathe. (3)The harder you try to breathe, the more you cannot breathe.And you know that the
only thing you can do is just relax so you can start breathing again.\"
本部分重点及难点：
2. Not wanting to dwell on successive failures, they worked on a new machine called the Macintosh.
非谓语动词的否定形式为：not+非谓语动词（具体参考Unit 7, Text A）
dwell on：详述；老想着
Don't always dwell on the past, look forward.
He's dwelling on his story once again.
3. The harder you try to breathe, the more you cannot breathe.
\"the+比较级，the+比较级\"意为\"越……就越……\"
The farther a planet is from the earth, the smaller it looks/appears/seems.
试译：你锻炼越多，就越不大可能感冒。
你越不可能感冒：You are less likely to catch a cold.
The more exercise you take, the less likely you are to catch a cold.
You'll have less chance / few chances of catching a cold.
The more exercise you take, the less chance / the fewer chances you'll have of catching a cold.
7 Steve Jobs sold over $20 million of his Apple stock, spent days bicycling
along the beach, feeling sad and lost, toured Paris, and journeyed on to Italy. Recalling this publicly heartbreaking episode, Jobs said, \"(4)I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. (5)The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to
enter one of the most creative periods of my life.\"
8 During the next five years he started two companies - NeXT and Pixar. NeXT didn't do as well as Jobs had dreamed for, but Pixar was a success story.
Jobs became an instant billionaire. Meanwhile, his old company Apple was under immense pressure from its rival Microsoft and in 1996 posted billions of dollars in losses.
9 In December 1996, Steve Jobs convinced Apple to buy NeXT and make its software the foundation of the next-generation Mac OS. The technology he developed at NeXT became the catalyst of Apple's comeback. (6)Initially appointed as Apple's adviser, Steve Jobs was named Apple's interim CEO in 1997.
本部分重点及难点：
4. I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.
(1) turn out 到头来，结果是，竟然是
It turned out the man standing beside me was a pickpocket.
He turned out to be one of my former classmates.
(2) happen to sb.
联想：become of sb.
(3) 译文：我当时并没有意识到，但结果表明，被苹果公司开除，是我遇到的最好的事情。
5. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. 对一切都不确定，从头再来的轻松取代了成功带来的压力。
句子的主干是The heaviness was replaced by the lightness.
6. Initially appointed as Apple's adviser, Steve Jobs was named Apple's interim（过渡的，临时的）CEO in 1997.
appointed as Apple's adviser过去分词作状语。过分表示被动，再如：
Seen from here, the valley is very beautiful.
10 (7)He had made Apple healthy again and returned it to a place where it was contributing new and innovative technologies to the computer world. (8)Under his
leadership, Apple returned to profitability and introduced innovations.
本部分重点及难点：
7. He had made Apple healthy again and returned it to a place where it was contributing new and innovative technologies to the computer world.
(1) make sth.+adj.
make the room clean / warm
(2) where it was contributing ….定语从句，修饰a place
8. Under his leadership, Apple returned to profitability and introduced innovations.
under one's leadership
类似的结构还有：under one's supervision（监督，管理） / guidance / influence
注意under的用法：under way / treatment / discussion / investigation
under arrest / threat
under one's guidance / leadership
注意区分：guidance, guide
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】18. The tourists had a very pleasant sight-seeing tour under the ______ of the experienced ______.
• A． guidance, guide
• B． guidance, guidance
• C． guide, guide
• D． guide, guidance
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查\"under+名词\"及\"guidance和guide的区别\"。under one's guidance意为\"在某人的指导下，在某人的引导下\"。注意两个名词的区别：guidance指导，引导，辅导；guide向导，导游。
【知识点】\"under+名词\"及\"guidance和guide的区别\"
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