李仕才
一、阅读理解。
Angry men appear to gain influence in a group,but angry women lose influence,according to a new study.Researchers from Arizona State University(ASU)published their findings in the journal Law and Human
Behavior.Jessica Salerno is a psychologist and was coauthor of the study.The findings suggest that“women might not have the same opportunity for influence when they express anger”.
The study found that when men expressed their opinion with anger,participants rated them as more believable.But when women expressed anger,they were viewed as more emotional and,thus,less convincing.In other words,a man could benefit from using anger in power and persuasion.A woman,however,could be ignored or hurt by her group if she expressed anger.
The study was based on the responses of 210 students.They were shown evidence and photographs online from a real murder trial.A man was said to have murdered his wife.The students were asked to decide if the man was guilty or not.
Before making their decision,the students discussed the case online with five jurors(陪审员).But these were not real jurors:They were computers making responses and comments back to the students.Some of the fake jurors had male identities. Others had female identities.
Some male jurors were angry about the judgment.When this happened,the students reacted by doubting their own decisions about the case.Confidence in their responses on the judgment “dropped obviously,”said the study.But,when female jurors seemed angry,the student participants“became obviously more confident in their original judgments,”the study found.
The study could have wider importance.“Our results have implications(启示)for any woman who is trying to have influence on a decision in their workplace and everyday lives,”said Salerno.She added that in a political debate,a female candidate might have less influence if she shows anger.
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1.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Powerful Men Must Be Those Who Often Get Angry B.Women,be Careful Not to Turn Angry Easily C.Angry Men Win Influence While Angry Women Lose D.Angry Women Are Not Unfit for Leaders While Men Are
2.The underlined word“rated”in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by“________.” A.forgave B.ignored C.regarded D.praised
3.How did the students react to the female jurors' anger with their judgments? A.They more firmly stuck to their judgments. B.They began to doubt about their judgments. C.They gave up their judgments willingly. D.They had to change their judgments.
4.If a woman politician wants to have more influence,she'd better________. A.always keep smiling B.avoid losing her temper C.become angry D.give orders firmly
参考答案： 1.C; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B
解析： 1.[主旨大意题。本文讨论的话题是生气的男人更有影响力,而生气的女人却会减少影响力。由主题段第一段得出。]
2.[词义猜测题。研究发现,当男人用气愤的方式表达意见时,参与者认为他们更可信。rate此处的意思是“认为”,与regard同义。]
3.[细节理解题。试验中,如果女陪审员对学生的判断生气,学生会更坚信自己的判断。由第五段最后一句得出。]
4.[细节理解题。女政治家要想获得更大的影响力,不要生气发火。由第六段She added that in a political debate,a female candidate might have less influence if she shows anger得出。]
二、单句语法填空
1．Some people say that classical music ________(associate) only with old people. 答案：is associated be associated with ... “与……有关”。
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2．Though we are living a better life, I can't bear ________(see) food thrown away.
答案：seeing can't bear doing ... “不能忍受做某事”。 3．What was it that distinguished her ________her classmates? 答案：from distinguish ... from ... “把……与……区分/辨别开”。
4．We must always bear in mind ________China is a big country with a huge population.
答案：that bear in mind that ... “记住……”。
5．The service offers young people ________(practice) advice on finding a job. 答案：practical 此处应用形容词修饰其后的名词advice。practical “实用的；实际的；实践的”。
6．We all have an ________(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week. 答案：expectation 由空前的冠词可知应填名词。
7．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and ________ (seize) opportunities can one succeed.
答案：seizing 该句为“only＋状语”位于句首引起倒装的句式。face与seize为and连接的两个并列成分，且均作by的宾语，故由facing可知应填seizing。
8．It was not until she got home ________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
答案：that 该句为含有not until的强调句。由该句型“It is/was＋not until ...＋that＋其他”可知，应填that。
9．She ________(tap) me on the shoulder but I didn't feel it.
答案：tapped 由but连接并列成分可知，设空处动词在句中作谓语；且后面并列句的谓语为didn't ...，所以空格处也应用一般过去时，应填tapped。
10．Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
答案：bought 过去分词短语在句中作后置定语修饰goods。
三、完形填空。
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I am a social worker.I wanted to tell everyone about my very dear friend who passed away a few months ago.
I met him many years ago while doing my internship(实习期)in the country
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prison.He was __1__ a program he had designed to help prisoners with drug and alcohol problems.He was always __2__ new ways to bring hope and help to these men and their __3__.
One of his favorite __4__ was the Toy Drive.He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners.He did this for twenty years __5__ his sudden death.As last Christmas __6__，I decided that this tradition had to be __7__，for the children as well as the __8__ of my friend.
But the file where he kept the names of the people who had been helped by him over the years was __9__.I had to start anew(重新) and with very little __10__！I started making phone calls，explaining about the project and my __11__.I prayed every night that the event would，__12__，be worthy of my friend.To my great __13__，individuals，churches and businesses began to come on board and，__14__，I had enough toys to give to all the children of the prisoners with some left over for the local community __15__！
When Christmas Eve finally arrived，I felt very happy，thinking I had done all I could do and reflecting on what a(n) __16__ it had been for me.I was bagging up the remaining toys __17__ if there was anyone left who might like them.Then my phone rang.
It was my daughter.She __18__ to explain about a woman she knew in Kentucky who had five children，one seriously ill，no husband，no heating in the home，no toys！Oh！How could we not?
My daughter and I drove all night，from New York to Kentucky, and those children woke up in a nice warm house with plenty of __19__！
My friend's __20__ of kindness lived on that year，reaching all the way to Kentucky!
1．A.recording B．attending C．directing D．improving 2．A.putting up with B．coming up with C．keeping up with D．catching up with 3．A.group B．family C．company D．club 4．A.events B．sports C．hobbies D．games 5．A.after B．since
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C．because D．until 6．A.arrived B．followed C．approached D．finished 7．A.carried out B．lived on C．carried on D．lived out 8．A.benefit B．memory C．pleasure D．favor 9．A.active B．extra C．hiding D．missing 10．A.time B．pressure
C．energy D．confidence 11．A.difficulties B．impression
C．importance D．atmosphere 12．A.otherwise B．however
C．somehow D．though
13．A.curiosity B．disappointment
C．relief D．thought 14．A.eventually B．occasionally
C．absolutely D．generally 15．A.in particular B．as well
C．once more D．at first 16．A.honor B．pity
C．burden D．discovery 17．A.predicting B．wondering
C．evaluating D．realizing 18．A.drove B．came
C．returned D．called 19．A.chocolates B．candies
C．toys D．flowers 20．A.spirit B．position
C．courage D．attention
【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者多年前在实习期间被朋友帮助他人的精神所感动，而在朋友逝世后继续朋友的活动以使朋友的精神得以延续的感人故事。
【核心词汇】file n．文件箱，文件夹 reflect v．反射，仔细思考 remaining adj.
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剩余的，留下的
1．C 根据下文的“He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners”，并与空后的“program”呼应可推知，作者的朋友当时负责这样的一个项目。record“记录，记载”；attend“参加，出席，到场”；improve“提升”；direct“负责，管理”。
2．B 根据语境可知，此处表示想出办法。put up with“忍受”；come up with“想出”；keep up with“跟上”；catch up with“赶上”。
3．B 根据下文的“He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners”可推知，作者的朋友不仅帮助那些服刑的人，而且还帮助他们的家人。
4．A 根据下文的“I started making phone calls, explaining about the project”可推知，此处作者介绍了朋友最喜欢做的活动项目，与下文的“I prayed every night that the event would，__12__，be worthy of my friend”呼应。event“事件，活动”。
5．D 根据语境可推知，作者的朋友坚持了20年，一直做这样的活动，直到最后自己突然离逝。
6．C 根据语境可知，朋友去世后，在上一个圣诞节来临之际，作者准备把这个圣诞传统继续下去，且与下文的“When Christmas Eve finally arrived”呼应。approach“临近”。
7．C 参见上题解析。carry out“实行”；live on“以……为生”；carry on“继续”；live out“不住在工作场所，实现某事(指曾计划或期望的事)”。
8．B 上一个圣诞节来临之际，为了孩子们，也为了朋友的善意行为，作者决定延续这一传统。benefit“好处，益处”；memory“记忆”；pleasure“乐趣”；favor“善意的行为”。
9．D 根据下文的“I had to start anew(重新)and with very little __10__”可推知，之前朋友所帮助过的人的信息都丢失了，作者不得不重新获取。extra“额外的，另外的”；missing“找不到的，丢失的”。
10．A 根据上文的“As last Christmas __6__，I decided that this tradition had to be __7__，for the children as well as the __8__ of my friend”可知，圣诞节马上来临了，作者找到朋友帮助过的人的信息的时间并不多。pressure“压力”；energy“能量”；confidence“信心”。
11．A 在时间紧、文件丢失的情况下，作者要继续朋友生前的活动是困难的。impression“印象”；atmosphere“气氛”。
12．C 根据语境可推知，作者每晚祈祷，这样的活动能以某种方式配得上朋友。otherwise“否则，要不然”；somehow“以某种方式”。
13．C 根据下文的“individuals，churches and businesses began to come on board”可推知，大家都来帮忙，因此作者很宽慰。curiosity“好奇心”；disappointment“失望”；
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relief“宽慰”。
14．A 根据下文的“I had enough toys”可推知，作者在大家的帮助下，最终收集到了活动所需要的足够多的玩具。eventually“最终”；occasionally“偶尔，偶然，间或”；absolutely“完全地，绝对地”；generally“总体上来说，大致”。
15．B 根据上文的“with some left over for the local community”可推知，作者收集到的玩具不仅够活动本身用，还有剩余。in particular“尤其，特别”；as well“也”；once more“再一次”；at first“开始”。
16．A 根据上文的“I felt very happy”可推知，作者成功地举办了圣诞节活动，感觉能够为逝去的朋友做些值得的事是很大的荣幸。honor“荣誉，荣幸”；pity“可惜”；burden“负担”；discovery“发现”。
17．B 根据上文的“I was bagging up the remaining toys”，并与本句中的if条件句呼应可推知，作者想知道是否有人喜欢剩余的玩具。predict“预计”；wonder“想知道”；evaluate“评估”；realize“实现，意识到”。
18．D 根据上文的“Then my phone rang”和“It was my daughter”可知，是作者的女儿打来了电话。
19．C 根据语境可推知，作者和女儿一路驱车去很远的地方给孩子们送圣诞节玩具。 20．A 根据上文可知，作者的朋友已经逝世，作者通过把其生前的活动继续下去，让这种仁慈的精神继续存活。spirit“精神”。
四、单句改错
1．The sound of seagulls called on happy memories of his childhood holidays. _____________________________________________________ 答案：on→up call up “使回忆起；给……打电话”。
2．The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss.
_____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉第二个the out of order “发生故障；次序颠倒”。 3．After a short while, the boys set out doing their homework. _____________________________________________________
答案：out→about或doing→to do set about doing ... ＝set out to do ... “着手/开始做……”。
4．The boy knock down by the car was immediately taken to the nearby hospital. ___________________________________________________
答案：knock→knocked 过去分词短语在句中作后置定语，修饰the boy, 表被动，故应把knock改为knocked。
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5．The teacher's abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening.
____________________________________________________
答案：abruptly→abrupt 修饰动名词短语ending speaking应用形容词，故将abruptly改为abrupt。
五、七选五
Your first step toward healthy living is to get a handle on your health status right now. Here’s your to－do list：
Assess your activity. How much physical activity do you get in a typical week? 1. ？ How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it? The CDC recommends that adults get at least two and a half hours per week of moderate－intensity aerobic activity or one hour and 15 minutes per week of vigorous－intensity aerobic activity, plus muscle－strengthening activity at least two days per week.
Keep a food diary. Write down everything you eat for a day—and no fair skipping the items you’re embarrassed about. “2. ，” says Kathianne Sellers Williams, MEd, RD, a nutritionist, wellness coach, and personal trainer with Cafe Physique in Atlanta. “You can’t change what you’re not aware of or don’t acknowledge.” Check your mood and energy. Healthy living includes emotional wellness and adequate rest. How has your mood been lately? 3. ？ Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night?
4． . How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life? “People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships，” C．Nathan DeWall, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, tells WebMD.
If you’re not thrilled with the answers to some of those questions, remember that the point is to figure out where you are today so you can set your healthy living goals. It’s not about being “good” or “bad”， “right” or “wrong”. 5. . A．How intense is that activity B．Consider your social network
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C．The idea is to write it down without judgment D．It’s time to learn something about the social apps E．It’s OK if you leave out some items in your food diary F．It is the awareness of your own state of health that matters G．Are you experiencing any symptoms of depression or anxiety 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了掌握自身健康状况的方法。
1．A 解析：根据该段主题句“Assess your activity.”以及关键词activity可知A项与此处匹配。A项与“How much physical activity do you get in a typical week？”及“How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it？”为并列问句。
2．C 解析：根据空前的“Write down everything you eat for a day—and no fair skipping the items you’re embarrassed about.”可知，空处应讲的是不做评判地记下一天要吃的食物。所以C项正确。
3．G 解析：空前一句“How has your mood been lately？”中的关键词mood与G项中的“any symptoms of depression or anxiety”相呼应；G项与空后的“Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night？”为并列问句。
4．B 解析：根据空后的“How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life？”和“People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships”可知，本段主要讲述的是要有社交活动，B项中的“social network”与此呼应。所以选B。
5．F 解析：根据空前的“It’s not about being ‘good’or‘bad’，‘right’or‘wrong’．”可知，选F项“意识到你自身的健康状况是很重要的”。
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