考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编30 (题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and Vocabulary
Structure and Vocabulary
1． Recent research into aging suggests that the body’s defense mechanisms may lose the ability to distinguish what is alien.(2003年春季电子科技大学考博试题)
A．insane
B．infectious
C．foreign
D．poisonous
正确答案：C
解析：本题中，alien的意思是“外来的，不同的”。四个选项中，foreign的意思是“外国的，异质的”，如：a foreign object in the eye．(眼睛中的异物)。insane的意思是“患精神病的，极度愚蠢的”；infectious的意思是“有传染性的，易感染的”。只有C项符合题意。
2． It is impossible to ______ whether she’ll be well enough to come home from the hospital next month.(2004年湖北省考博试题)
A．foresee
B．infer
C．fabricate
D．inhibit
正确答案：A
解析：本题意为“很难预见她是否能在下个月出院回家”。A项的“foresee预见”符合题意。其他三项“infer推论、推断；fabricate制作、装配，伪造；inhibit禁止、约束”都不正确。
3． She said some bad things about me, but I have______her for that.
A．released
B．freed
C．forgiven
D．regretted
正确答案：C
解析：forgive vt．原谅，饶恕，宽恕。
4． Boris Yeltsin, Russia’s ______ present, died. His funeral in Moscow was attended by a bevy of world leaders past and present.(2009年北京大学考博试题)
A．prior
B．past
C．former
D．late
正确答案：C
解析：固定搭配，former present意为“前任总统”，即正确答案为C。
5． Since his retirement, Peter Smith, who was ______ a teacher, has written four novels.(2013年厦门大学考博试题)
A．lately
B．usually
C．formerly
D．already
正确答案：C
解析：四个选项的意思分别是lately近来，最近：usually通常，大抵；formerly从前，以前：already早已，已经。句意是，彼特-史密斯以前是老师，在退休后已经写了四本小说。根据句意可推出正确答案是C选项。
6． When she was asked why she was ahsent for the party, no answer was______. (2007年中国矿业大学考博试题)
A．imminent
B．urgent
C．emergent
D．forthcoming
正确答案：D
解析：四个选项中，imminent的意思是“逼近的，即将发生的”：urgent的意思是“紧急的，急迫的”；emergent的意思是“突现的，意外的，紧急的”；forthcoming的意思是“现有的，随时可得的”。根据题意，D项为正确答案。
7． Some young people have made a(n)______ by developing private business.
A．fund
B．wealth
C．fortune
D．estate
正确答案：C
解析：fortune n．钱财，财产；命运；运气(inherit a fortune；come into a fortune；by good fortune；leave sth．to fortune)。fund n．(单数)基金，(一笔)专款；(pl．)资金，储备款。wealth n．财富，财产，金钱：(a wealth of)丰富的，大量的。estate n．地产，财产，遗产。
8． A group of scholars from several countries were holding a ______ on new trend of literature.(2006年中国矿业大学考博试题)
A．fort
B．foam
C．forum
D．summit
正确答案：C
解析：四个选项中，fort的意思是“堡垒，要塞”；foam的意思是“泡沫，灭火泡沫”：forum的意思是“公开讨论的场所，讨论会”；summit的意思是“最阶，最高级会议”。根据题意，C项为正确答案。
9． You asked me to______ it to Miss Tullock but forgot to give me her address.
A．offer
B．forward
C．grant
D．present
正确答案：B
解析：forward(to)vt.转交，转寄，转运(如：They forwarded his mail to his new address．We’re forwarding you a list of the store’s latest men’s clothing．)。offer vt．(主动提出)给予，提供。grant vt．授予，准予，同意给予。present vt.赠(送)，呈献；提出，呈交。
10． By such demarcation, strong, representative national societies can then be left to do what they do best— ______ young scientists’ development at national meetings, and represent their disciplines at the national level.(2009年北京航空航天大学考博试题)
A．foster
B．founder
C．found
D．foul
正确答案：A
解析：四个选项的意思分别是：foster养育，促进；founder创立者；found建立，创办；foul堵塞，弄脏，根据句子意思可知，正确答案是A选项。如：Foster study and practice of creativity thinking ability of students in mathematics teaching．(在数学教学中培养学生创造性思维能力的研究与实践。)
11． This is but a ______of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored.(2003年复旦大学考博试题)
A．friction
B．fraction
C．faction
D．fracture
正确答案：B
解析：本题空格处是说全部信息量的一小部分。B项“fraction一小部分”符合题意，如：Only a fraction of my friends have video recorder．(我的朋友中只一小部分人有录像机。)其他三项“friction摩擦力，摩擦；faction派系，派别；fracture破裂，骨折”都不正确。
12． The cargo box has a label”______” on it. Please handle it with care.(2004年北京大学考博试题)
A．flexible
B．break
C．fragile
D．stiff
正确答案：C
解析：本题空格处意为“易碎的标签”。fragile意为“易碎的，脆的”，如：The fragile boxes arrived intact．(这些易碎的箱子完整无损地运到了。)flexible意为“灵活的，柔软的”；break意为“暂停，打破”；stiff意为“僵硬的，呆板的”。根据题意，只有C项符合题意。
13． He said he was an insurance salesman, but later on she discovered he was a(n)______.(2004年湖北省考博试题)
A．alien
B．counterpart
C．client
D．fraud
正确答案：D
解析：本题意为“他说他是卖保险的，但后来她发现他是个骗了”。D项“fraud骗子”符合题意，如：People who tell your future by means of a pack of cards are frauds．(用一叠纸牌为你占卜未来的人都是骗子。)其他三项“alien外侨，外国人；counterpart(职位，性格等方面)相对应的人；client委托人，顾客”都不正确。
14． The ______ of accidents on that road gives the doctors a lot of work.
A．figure
B．number
C．occurrence
D．frequency
正确答案：D
解析：frequency n．次数，频繁；频率，出现率。
15． Vacation policies continue to be a source of______ between management and the workers.(2014年北京航空航天大学考博试题)
A．disturbance
B．resistance
C．contraction
D．friction
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查名词词义辨析。A干扰，，忧虑；B阻力，电阻，抵抗，反抗，抵抗力；C收缩，紧缩，缩写式，害病；D摩擦。句意为：休假仍然是管理层和工人之间摩擦的根源。分析各选项可知答案为D。
16． The______of medical knowledge are being pushed farther onwards as time goes on.
A．front
B．border
C．frontiers
D．edge
正确答案：C
解析：frontier n.(本义)边境，边界；边疆：(引申)(科学开拓的)新领域(beyond the frontier of knowledge；at the frontier of space exploration)。front n.前面，正面：前线，战线。border n.边界，边境；边缘，界线。edge n.边缘，棱；刀口。
17． Giving the child problems he can’t solve will only______him.
A．offend
B．defeat
C．annoy
D．frustrate
正确答案：D
解析：frustrate vt.使灰心，使恼怒而又不知所措；挫败，使受挫折。
18． She was______by the lack of appreciation shown of her hard work.(2003年清华大学考博试题)
A．frustrated
B．dispersed
C．functioned
D．displaced
正确答案：A
解析：本句的句意是“她因辛苦的工作没有得到欣赏而沮丧”。A项“frustrated失败，落空”符合句意，如：He was frustrated by his poverty．(他因贫穷而灰心丧气。)其余三项，分别是“dispersed被分散的，散布的；functioned活动．运行；displaced取代，代替”都不正确。
19． Accuracy is ______ to the programming of computers.
A．fundamental
B．decisive
C．characteristic
D．typical
正确答案：A
解析：fundamental(to)a.基本的，根本的：对……是必要的，不可缺的。
20． Obviously these are all factors affecting smooth operation, but the underlying problem is still to be identified.(2004年秋季电子科技大学考博试题)
A．operational
B．fundamental
C．operating
D．underneath
正确答案：B
解析：本题中，underlying的意思是“在下面的，根本的，潜在的”。四个选项中，fundamental的意思是“基础的，根本的”。
21． It makes me______when people don’t listen, and then ask silly questions.(2007年中国矿业大学考博试题)
A．furious
B．generous
C．mysterious
D．suspicious
正确答案：A
解析：四个选项中，furious的意思是“狂怒的”；generous的意思是“慷慨的，大方的”：mysterious的意思是“神秘的，不可思议的”；suspicious的意思是“猜疑的，疑心的，多疑的”。根据题意，A项为正确答案。
22． This room is partly ______ with a few old armchairs.
A．provided
B．decorated
C．beautified
D．furnished
正确答案：D
解析：furnish vt．装备，布置(家具)：供应，提供(信息、物品、活力等)。provide vt．供给，提供(句型：provide sth．for sb．；provide sb．with sth．)。decorate vt．装饰，装潢。beautify vt. 美化。
23． That’s what I know about it. If you wish for any ______ explanation, you had better apply in person to the manager.
A．further
B．concrete
C．detail
D．general
正确答案：A
解析：further a.更多的，另外的；更远的。concrete a.实在的，具体的。detail n.细节，详情；枝节，琐事。general a.总的，普遍的；—般的，普通的；通用的。
24． The National ______ contains many valuable pictures.
A．Exhibition
B．Stadium
C．Show
D．Gallery
正确答案：D
解析：gallery n．美术馆，画廊。exhibition n．展览(会)。stadium n.大型露天运动场。show n.展览(会)。
25． The shopping-bag ladies know the hours when restaurants put their leftovers in the ______ cans where they search for food.
A．refuse
B．rubbish
C．garbage
D．junk
正确答案：C
解析：garbage n.食物下脚；[美]垃圾，废料。refuse n.／rubbish n．垃圾，废料。junk n.废物，被扔掉的东西。
