单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
语法精讲
一、动词的时态
根据最新教学大纲规定，初中阶段要求学生必须掌握的动词时态包括一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时及一般将来时。
1.一般现在时
一般现在时表示现阶段经常发生的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态和客观真理，常用的时间状语有often，usually，always，sometimes，every day (week，month)等。如:
He usually goes to school by bike.他通常骑自行车上学。
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
【温馨提示】在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如:
If you don't go soon，you'll be late.如果你不快点去，你就会迟到的。
You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor.看医生之前你不能吃东西。
2. 一般过去时
人教版九年级英语
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有yesterday，ago，last night(week，month)，just now，in 2000等。如:
It snowed heavily last night.昨天晚上雪下得很大。
It was very cold yesterday.昨天非常冷。
3. 一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有:tomorrow，next week (year，month)，in two days等。如:
Mr.Wu will teach us English this term.这学期吴老师将教我们英语。
I will go to my hometown next week.下周我要回老家。
【温馨提示】(1) “be going to＋动词原形”表示即将发生某事或者打算、计划要做某事。如:
I'm going to do my homework this evening.我打算今天晚上做作业。
(2)come，go，start，move，leave等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。如:
The whole family's going for two months.全家要去两个月。
人教版九年级英语
They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.他们明天动身去北京。
4. 现在进行时
现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，常用的时间状语有now，at this moment或句首有提示词look，listen等。如:
I'm reading a book now.我现在正在读一本书。
Look! They are playing football on the playground.看！他们正在操场上踢足球。
5. 过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常用时间状语有at this (that) time yesterday，at nine o'clock yesterday等。如:
They were working in class this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们正在上课。
I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in.老师进来时，我正在画一匹马。
6. 现在完成时
现在完成时表示过去发生的某个动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。常与already，never，ever，just，yet等时间状语或these days，for two years，since 2000，since＋过去时态等连用。如:
人教版九年级英语
I have already posted the photos.我已经把这些照片寄出去了。
He has taught at this school since 2000.他从2000年起一直在这所学校任教。
二、动词的语态
被动语态是指主语是动作的承受者。常考的动词的被动语态主要有:
1. 一般现在时的被动语态
由“助动词be的现在式am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。如:
Computers are made in the USA.计算机是在美国被制造的。
Our classroom is cleaned every day.我们的教室每天都打扫。
2. 一般过去时的被动语态
由“助动词be的过去式was/were＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。如:
This park was built in 1999.这个公园建造于1999年。
Last year many trees and flowers were planted in our school.去年许多树和花在我们学校被种植。
3. 一般将来时的被动语态
人教版九年级英语
由“will be＋动词的过去分词”构成。如:
The classroom will be cleaned by Li Lei tomorrow.明天李磊将打扫教室。
These homework will be finished in ten minutes.这些作业将在10分钟内完成。
4. 现在完成时的被动语态
由“has/have been＋动词过去分词”构成。 如:
The dirty clothes have been washed.这些脏衣服都洗了。
The child has been taken care of by her all these years.这些年来，这个孩子都由她照顾。
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态
其结构为:情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词。如:
The young trees should be planted in spring.应该在春天植树。
My homework can be finished in one hour today.今天我的家庭作业可以在一个小时内完
成。
人教版九年级英语
语法精练
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. A serious car accident ________ (happen) in this street last Sunday.
2. —What will the weather be like this coming Saturday?
—I hope it ________ (be) a fine day for our picnic! I can't wait!
3. —Do you like junk food，Linda?
—That's my favorite. The more junk food I ________ (have)，the happier I ________ (be).
4. —What did your mother say about this?
—She ________ (say) that she ________ (try) her best to help me with my English next
term.
5. —Don't get off the bus until it ________ (stop)，Tom.
—I won't，Dad. Don't worry about me.
人教版九年级英语
6. —Is your father a doctor?
—Yes，he is. He ________ (work) in the Children's Hospital.
7. —I called you yesterday evening，but there was no answer.
—Oh，I'm sorry. I ________ (have) dinner at my friend's at that time.
8. —Is this jacket yours，Linda?
—No，I think it ________ (belong) to Maria. She has a red one.
9. Bill is a good student. He always ________ (finish) his homework on time.
10. I ________ (not read) the book Little Women yet，but I'll let you read it first.
11. A talk on science ________ (give) in our school next Sunday.
12. The letter ________ (write) in Japanese. Can you read it for me?
13. Chinese ________ (speak) by more and more people in the world now.
14. The magazines ________ (must return) to the library in two weeks.
15. —What kind of rice do you think is the best to eat?
人教版九年级英语
—I like to eat the rice that ________ (grow) in the south of China.
16. Something must ________ (do) to make our city a better place to live in.
17. Three patients ________ (operate) on by the famous doctor in the past 10 hours.
18. We ________ (tell) not to play computer games at school.
19. The little boy was often seen to ________ (read) books by the lake after school.
20. The phone ________ (invent) by Bell. He is very great.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成句子，每空一词。
21. I have just learned five hundred English words.(改为一般疑问句)
________ you just ________ five hundred English words?
22. They built a new park in our city last year.(改为被动语态)
A new park ________ ________ in our city last year.
23. People used radios to learn English in the past.(改为被动语态)
人教版九年级英语
Radios ________ ________ to learn English in the past.
24. You can bring your friends to my birthday party tomorrow evening.(改为被动语态)
Your friends ________ ________ ________ to my birthday party tomorrow evening.
25. The students clean the classroom every day.(用now作时间状语改写句子)
The students ________ ________ the classroom now.
单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
Ⅰ.1. happened 2. will be 3. have；will be 4. said；would try 5. stops
6. works 7. was having 8. belongs 9. finishes 10. haven't read
11. will be given 12. is written 13. is spoken 14. must be returned
15. is grown 16. be done 17 .have been operated 18. are told
19. read 20．was invented
Ⅱ. 21. Have；learned 22. was built 23. were used 24. can be brought
25. are cleaning
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